Voices from Wounded Knee, 1973, in the words of the participants.

00229.xml WOUNDED KNEE LEGAL DEFENSE/OFFENSE COMMITTEE: An Inventory of Its Records at the Minnesota Historical Society Finding aid prepared by Frank Hennessy. Minnesota Historical Society

St. Paul MN.

Manuscripts Collection

Finding aid encoded by Dennis Meissner, November 29, 2006. Finding aid written inEnglish July 2012Shelf 20 locators changed, David B. Peterson January 2010 Addition to collection by Christopher G. Welter. August 2008 Converted from EAD Version 1.0 to Version 2002 by Monica Manny Ralston, Daniel Sher, and Joyce Chapman. OVERVIEW Minnesota Historical Society Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committee. Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committee records. 1966-1990 . Records documenting the history, internal operation, and legal practice of a committee established by lawyers, legal workers, and others dedicated to the defense of activists involved in the American Indian protest movement of the 1970s. 142.0 cu. ft. (143 boxes). See Detailed Description section for shelf location. HISTORICAL NOTE

On February 27, 1973, approximately 300 Indians on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, led by members of the Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization (OSCRO) and the American Indian Movement (AIM), occupied the village of Wounded Knee. During the 71-day siege, the occupants established the Independent Oglala Nation and demanded the U.S. Government's recognition of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty with the Sioux Nation, the removal of the Oglala Sioux tribal council, and new elections.

In March 1973, under the guidance of AIM, seventeen lawyers and legal workers from across the country established the Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committee (WKLD/OC) in Rapid City, South Dakota. As outlined in a proposal submitted at the time, the committee's objectives were to provide an adequate defense for those charged with crimes in or about Wounded Knee, to encourage the return of the rule of law to the area surrounding Wounded Knee, to permit residents to return to their homes, to prohibit federal agents from making further illegal arrests, and to make the facts about Wounded Knee known to the American public. While pursuing these objectives WKLD/OC became an active participant in the negotiations that led to the end of the siege and the stand-down on May 8, 1973.

Over 400 people were arrested at Wounded Knee resulting in 275 cases in federal, state, and tribal courts. WKLD/OC represented all defendants in the federal and tribal Wounded Knee cases. The Wounded Knee federal cases included 7 defendants charged with major conspiracy (so-called leadership cases) and 127 defendants faced with charges involving breaking and entering, larceny, conspiracy, and interfering with federal marshals (Consolidated Wounded Knee Cases). The 97 persons tried in the tribal courts of the Oglala Sioux Tribe were charged almost exclusively with either riot or unlawful assembly as defined in the tribal code.

The Committee also handled related cases arising from events prior to the occupation and afterwards including protests at Scottsbluff, Nebraska, and Custer, Rapid City, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

In addition to its efforts at providing an adequate defense, WKLD/OC undertook several offensive actions, bringing about a dozen civil suits against several authorities, including the Oglala Sioux tribal council and its president, Dick Wilson, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Due to a determination that it would be impossible to obtain a fair trial in South Dakota, the federal leadership trials were moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, and Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and the consolidated cases to Lincoln, Nebraska, Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Bismarck, North Dakota. The South Dakota state cases were tried in Sioux Falls, Aberdeen, and Rapid City. These relocations, which transpired over a three-year period, required that WKLD/OC maintain a number of offices, thereby placing a heavy burden on the Committee's personnel, administrative functions, and financial resources. The various trial locations and chronology also played a significant role in the formulation of legal strategy.

WKLD/OC's organizational structure evolved in response to the politically charged nature and high profile of the trials, the relocations described above, its reliance on volunteer workers, and the constant need for funds. Early on, subcommittees were formed to manage the various facets of the defense efforts, which included tactical investigation, legal coordination, jury survey and investigation, office coordination, press/publicity, and fund-raising. Although the subcommittees' duties changed and overlapped, they are described generally below.

The investigative team maintained a house in Manderson, South Dakota, where it kept up contact with the people and problems of the Pine Ridge Reservation. The team was under constant harassment by supporters of Dick Wilson, known as the Goon Squad.

The legal committee dealt with lawyer recruitment, defendant and lawyer contacts, legal research, and investigation. It also administered subpoenas; managed witness, exhibit, and court pleadings files; indexed trial transcripts; and kept daily trial summaries. These efforts allowed the committee to effectively handle a massive amount of evidence and communicate legal strategy among the various trials.

Press and public relations activities included issuing press releases and managing press coverage, publishing a newsletter, and coordinating solidarity groups nationwide.

WKLD/OC's reliance on volunteers resulted in a continual change in personnel that, coupled with close living and working quarters, necessitated the establishment of strict office rules and internal security. The issue of security was addressed from the outset and became more acute as the trials progressed and the presence of government informants became known. Staff turnover also created a need for an orientation process that would inform new members of the history, structure, and objectives of AIM and the committee.

Many of the difficulties WKLD/OC faced were the direct result of the zealous effort with which the U.S. government pursued the Wounded Knee cases. The defendants argued that the government's objective was to use the indictments to destroy AIM and stem the activism it fostered among Indian people. The impact of the legal battles fought by WKLD/OC upon the broader political and social objectives of the Indian movement of the 1970s is open to debate; however, the direct result of its defense efforts was a 92.3% acquittal and dismissal rate in what may have been one of most massive and complex series of legal proceedings in U.S. history.

Historical data was taken from the papers.

ARRANGEMENT

These documents are organized into the following sections:

Events and Legal Proceedings WKLD/OC Administration Press Coverage Audiovisual Materials Newspaper Clippings Transcripts Closed Materials ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Access Restrictions:

Originals of certain sound and visual recordings are not available to the public (Closed Materials). Use copies of all closed originals are available in the Audio-Visual Materials series of this collection.

Preferred Citation:

[Indicate the cited item and/or series here]. Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committee Records. Minnesota Historical Society.

See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples.

Accession Information:

Accession numbers: 11,994; 12,233; 12,016; 12,445; 12,677; 12, 771; 14,017; 14,628; 15,037; 15,959

Processing Information:

Processed by: Frank Hennessy, March 1996; Christopher G. Welter, January 2010.

Catalog ID number: 001732914

RELATED MATERIALS

The FBI Files on the American Indian Movement and Wounded Knee (microfilm ed.), published by University Publications of America, Inc.

Robideau, Robert E. American Indian Movement papers; Cole, Kay (Katherine), 1911-. Papers. Both are held by the Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico.

CATALOG HEADINGS

This collection is indexed under the following headings in the catalog of the Minnesota Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related topics should search the catalog using these headings.

Topics: Civil-military relations -- United States. Defense (Criminal procedure) Government, Resistance to -- United States. Indians of North America -- Civil rights. Indians of North America -- Government relations -- 1934- Jury selection. Justice, Administration of -- Political aspects -- United States. Oglala Indians -- Claims. Oglala Indians -- Criminal justice, Administration of. Oglala Indians -- Government relations. Oglala Indians -- Public opinion. Political crimes and offenses -- Investigation. Political persecution -- South Dakota -- Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Riots -- South Dakota -- Custer. Riots -- South Dakota -- Sioux Falls. Trials (Conspiracy) Trials (Political crimes and offenses) Trials (Riots) Tribal government -- South Dakota -- Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Persons: Aquash, Anna Mae, 1945-1976. Bad Heart Bull, Sarah -- Trials, litigation, etc. Banks, Dennis. Beeler, Joseph. Bellecourt, Clyde H. (Clyde Howard), 1936- Bellecourt, Vernon. Bissonette, Pedro. Camp, Carter. Crow Dog, Leonard, 1942- Ellison, Bruce -- Trials, litigation, etc. Holder, Stanley. Janklow, William. Kunstler, William Moses, 1919-. Lane, Mark. Leventhal, Larry B. Marshall, Richard -- Trials, litigation, etc. Matthiessen, Peter -- Trials, litigation, etc. Means, Russell, 1939- Peltier, Leonard -- Trials, litigation, etc. Robideau, Ramon A., 1924-. Robideau, Robert E. -- Trials, litigation, etc. Thorne, John. Tilsen, Kenneth E., 1927- Wilson, Dick. Organizations: American Indian Movement. Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. United States. Marshals Service. Places: Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (S.D.) Rosebud Indian Reservation (S.D.) Wounded Knee (S.D.) -- History -- Indian occupation, 1973. Oglala (S.D.) South Dakota -- Race relations. Document Types: Photographs. Sound recordings. Video recordings. Motion pictures. Titles: Voices from Wounded Knee, 1973, in the words of the participants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Events and Legal Proceedings, 1973-1990

This portion of the collection chronicles the events surrounding Wounded Knee and relates the repercussions of those events upon each other and upon the American Indian protest movement of the 1970s. Beyond its function as a chronicle, the files contain an extensive collection of legal documents tracing the evolution of the legal issues, arguments, and strategy adopted by WKLD/OC as the Wounded Knee and related trials unfolded.

The collection's initial group of papers provide an account of incidents involving AIM prior to the occupation of Wounded Knee. Among these events was a disturbance at a Chicano-Indian unity conference in Scottsbluff, Nebraska (January 13-14, 1973), which resulted in numerous arrests, and a riot at the Custer, South Dakota courthouse during a protest over the murder of an Indian, Wesley Bad Heart Bull, by a white businessman who was subsequently charged with second degree manslaughter, rather than first degree murder, and received a two month suspended sentence (February 6, 1973)

The main body of the papers documents the Wounded Knee occupation and ensuing legal battles. Papers related to the occupation's aftermath recount a riot at the Minnehaha County Courthouse in Sioux Falls, South Dakota during the trial of those arrested at Custer (April 30, 1974); the widespread harassment and violence on the Pine Ridge reservation following the occupation; a shoot-out at Oglala, South Dakota (June 26, 1975), which resulted in the deaths of two FBI agents and the life imprisonment of Leonard Peltier; and legal actions related to the publication of Peter Matthiessen's account of the Oglala incident in his book, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse.

Some of the pivotal issues and arguments raised during the trials and documented in the collection's legal records include the government's lack of jurisdiction under the 1868 treaty with the Sioux Nation, the constitutionality of the Major Crimes Act and the Civil Disobedience Act of 1968, the illegal use of the U.S. military during the siege, and governmental misconduct during the occupation and trials.

The legal records also depict a number of the Committee's defense strategies, including its attempts to refuse judges felt to be prejudiced against the defendants, particularly Judge Andrew Bogue of Rapid City; its efforts to change the location of trials due to prejudice; its employment of systematic jury selection and investigation, a fairly new and controversial practice; and the filing of several defense appeals.

The records associated with these legal issues and maneuvers consist of indictments, subpoenas, criminal dockets, motions, briefs, memoranda, pleadings, affidavits, transcripts, jury lists, questionnaires, and surveys.

Another substantial segment of the collection pertains to the imposing accumulation of evidence collected by the government and WKLD/OC. This material includes FBI interviews with defendants and witnesses; U.S. Marshal, FBI, and BIA radio logs; photographs; audio tapes; video cassettes; and movie film.

The legal records and evidence described above were organized and made accessible through a filing and indexing system shared by the various WKLD/OC offices. The major file series include defendant and witness files, subject files, an active and closed case file, and radio logs. Personal name, subject, and date indexes covering the various files are also included.

Files kept by WKLD/OC's legal coordinator, Kenneth Tilsen, follow those kept at WKLD/OC offices. A large number of the cases represented in this series are also documented in the preceding WKLD/OC files, however there are some additional cases and some from the preceding series that are considerably expanded. These would include Richard Marshall's appeal of his conviction in the Scenic murder case (1976-1981); the events and legal proceedings following the Oglala shoot-out, including the murder of Anna Mae Aquash (1976-1985) and post-trial matters related to Leonard Peltier (1975-1986); and the lawsuits filed against Viking Press and Peter Matthiessen by FBI special agent David Price and South Dakota governor William Janklow in their attempts to block the publication of Matthiessen's account of the Oglala shoot-out (1983-1990).

Both the WKLD/OC office and Tilsen files contain records related to offensive measures taken by WKLD/OC encompassing a series of civil lawsuits against the tribal council and federal government. These suits began during the Wounded Knee occupation and continued throughout the trials. Their primary thrust was to unseat Dick Wilson and halt what they believed to be his administration's abuses on the reservation, which included the use of vigilantes to harass and intimidate opponents, employment and other forms of discrimination against persons seen as AIM sympathizers, and orders barring WKLD/OC lawyers from entering the reservation. In the OST Election Suit WKLD/OC disputed Wilson's defeat of Russell Means, citing several instances of voter rights violations during the 1974 election for council president.

Civil actions against the federal government included a suit filed by WKLD/OC for a preliminary injunction against FBI harassment and surveillance that interfered with the Committee's preparation of an adequate defense, and a suit filed by a group of Wounded Knee residents challenging the government's use of military force in civil law enforcement during the Wounded Knee occupation.

The records described thus far are augmented by research files covering numerous legal topics and miscellaneous background files which provide information on AIM, Oglala Sioux tribal politics and government, and the New Oglala Sioux Nation established within Wounded Knee during the occupation. There is also a group of general files covering a broad range of topics, many of them focused on Indian issues in general.

152.B.11.1B 1 Chicano and Indian Unity Conference, Scottsbluff, Nebraska (January 13-14, 1973): Criminal Cases, March-October 1973. Custer Courthouse Riot (February 6, 1973): General Files: Correspondence, December 1974-December 1975. Custer Client Newsletter, December 1973. Finances, 1974-1975. Telephone log. Food stamps. Custer Case Report, January 1975. Custer Factual Account, 1973. Press clippings, 1973-1974. Rapid City riot charges (state and municipal), February 9, 1973. Criminal complaints, February 1973. 3 folders. Grand Jury: Interview sheets, July-August 1973. Custer Indictments, August-September 1973. Criminal Docket. Affidavits of Indigency. Defendant questionnaire. Defendant Files: Bad Milk, Ronald. Beane, Delilah. Black Elk, Reginald. Clifford, Edward. Clifford, Paul, Jr. Dixon, Regina Brave. 152.B.11.2F 2 King, Alonzo Victor. Knoxsak, Jim a.k.a. Red Hat Doe. Lafferty, Donald. Nichols, Bernadine. Nichols, Darlene. Onco, Robert. Red Shirt, Lawrence. Index of Witnesses/Index of Photo Identification. Transcripts of witness testimony during "line-up" proceedings, February 6-8, 1973.

SEE: Box 103 for audio tapes.

Grand Jury testimony, Vol. III. Witness questionnaires. Witness files: A-Means. 85 folders. 152.B.11.3B 3 Merrival-Z. 54 folders. Hobart Gates: Custer County Attorney.

SEE: Box 103 for audio tapes of discussion in Gates' office and Northcott's interview.

William Janklow, South Dakota's Chief Prosecutor: Complaint regarding violation of code of professional responsibility, October 2, 1973. Interviews regarding Janklow's campaign publicity, 1975.

SEE: Box 103 for audio tape of campaign ad.

Opposition to nomination for National Legal Service Corp., 1975. Pepin, Ernest: Custer County Sheriff. Research: Description of Court House (inside and out), Chamber of Commerce building, and intersection. Demographics. Vior Dire. Voter opinion survey and jury lists (Pierre and Aberdeen, South Dakota), 1973-1974. Robert R. Bryan: Investigation reports, December 1973. [Paul Allen Research?], 1975. Judge Marshall Young. Discovery material. Photographs: A1-E31: With identification key. 6 folders. Contact sheets (Tri Pan film) and miscellaneous. Contact sheets and negatives: Rolls 1-5. Defense photographs of riot scene: With negatives and identification key. Film indexes.

SEE: Box 104 for video cassettes of Cy Griffin film.

152.B.11.4F 4 State Radio Tapes: Transcription, February 6, 1973.

SEE: Box 103 for audio tapes.

Insurance report. Weather conditions (Custer, South Dakota), February 6, 1973. Pretrial motions, 1973-1974: C: Master file of consolidated motions. 2 folders. C1: Motion to change venue to Sioux Falls. C2: Motion to preserve severance and joinder. C3: Motion to consolidate pretrial motions. C4: Motion to proceed in Forma Pauperis (4, 4a). C5: Motion to set aside indictments (5, 5a, 5b). C5.1: Documents in support of setting aside. 2 folders. C5.2: Additional documents in support of setting aside. 2 folders. C5.3: News media information regarding pretrial publicity. C6: Consolidated demurrer to the indictments. C6a: Consolidated demurrer regarding unconstitutional statutes, lack of jurisdiction, and number of charges on indictments. C6b: Consolidated demurrer regarding improper charge to Grand Jury. C7: Motion for Bill of Particulars (7, 7a). C8: Motion for Discovery (8, 8a, 8b, 8c). C9: Motion to Dismiss Due to Pretrial Publicity (9, 9a).

SEE also: Mailing list in box 105.

Subject Files/Alphabetical Index, 1973-1977: A-Ca. 146.H.12.4F 85 Ch-G. 146.H.12.5B 86 H-Misc. (1974). 146.H.12.6F 87 Misc. (1975)-S. 146.H.12.7B 88 T-W. Research Files: Index. #3: Disqualify judge. #7: Out of state counsel. #8: Disqualify prosecutor. #9: Continuance. #9b: Right to hearing. #10a: Fighting consolidation of charges. #12: Disclose information. #13, 35, 46 (Files A-D): Electronic surveillance. 4 folders. #15: Disclosure of jury selection materials. #20: Dismiss for inability to grant impartial jury. #21, 21a: Grand and petit jury selection. #21b: Grand jury: Los Angeles grand jury challenge. #22, 23, 29 (File A): Grand jury. #22: Dismiss for discriminatory use of grand jury. 146.H.12.8F 89 #23: Dismiss: Grand jury prejudiced by publicity. #27: Injury to a public building. #30: Duplicity. #31a: Assault with a deadly weapon without intent to kill. #31b: 3rd degree burglary of a vehicle. #31c: 2nd degree arson. #32: Cruel/unusual punishment. #33 (Files A-B): Jurisdiction. 2 folders. #38: Speedy trial. #41: Prosecutorial suppression of evidence. #56: Gag rule. 18 USC 231(a)(3): Legislative history. Unconstitutionality: General research. Unconstitutionality: U.S. vs. Mechanic. Unconstitutionality: Void for vagueness. 18 USC 1153 and 661: General research. 18 USC 2102 and 2102 (anti-riot statute): General research. 28 USC 144, 445; Judicial recusal and disqualification. Admissability of defendant's statement made while in custody. Affidavit of prejudice. Aiding and abetting. Appointment of counsel: Civil cases. Assault: General research, 18 USC 111. Right to resist illegal arrest. Attica defense. Attorney/client: Right to counsel of defendant's own choosing: Publicity by defense counsel. Bad faith prosecution. Bail. Bond/bail pending appeal. Burglary: Stealth. Change of venue/transfer. Collateral estoppel. Conspiracy. 146.H.12.9B 90 Contempt. Continuance to obtain counsel of choice. Culpability/intent/knowledge. Defensive positions. Discovery: General. Federal and state discovery. Criminal discovery. Electronic surveillance. Evidence. Exclusion of identification. FBI: Fingerprint identification. Federal criminal code: 18 USC 231(a)(3), etc. Firearms. "Free Press-Fair Trial" issue. Function of the prosecutor. Government suppression of evidence favorable to Defendant: The Brady problem. Governmental misconduct: H. Peter Young briefs. Grand jury: Challenges to selection. Charge. Duties, powers, etc. General research. History. San Francisco grand jury: Case study in grand jury defense. Testimonial privilege. Transcript. Anything else. Impeachment of government witness as to "bad acts." Indians: Civil Rights Act of 1968. Criminal jurisdiction. Defined. Education. 146.H.12.10F 91 Jurisdiction over non-Indians. Land base. Indian law: General research. Tribes as international units. Bibliography. Indictment challenges. Indigents: Right to free access to courts. Informants in the defense camp: Illegal government intrusion: Confidential communication and entrapment. Ignorance/mistake. Injunctive relief. Joinder/severance. Juries: Surveys. Attitudinal survey. Jury composition: South Dakota federal court. Jury instructions. Waiver of jury. Kidnapping. Marijuana: Possession. Military involvement in Wounded Knee. Motion for establishment of law and order or dismissal of prosecution. Obstructing public officers. Posse comitatus. Possession. Presence or flight as evidence/circumstantial evidence (8th circuit). Pretrial, general. Pretrial publicity: Sheppard vs. Maxwell. Prior conviction (for misdemeanor assault) as proof of alleged crime (felony assault). Prosecutorial misconduct: U.S. vs. Ellsberg. Recusal of judge. 2 folders. Right to a speedy trial. Right to counsel in tribal court. Rights of indigents: Civil cases. Robbery: 18 USC 2111. Samples: Civil litigation. Pretrial motions. Scope of cross examination. Search and seizure: Consolidated 231(a)(3). General research. Search and seizure/Dagmar. Selective enforcement. Selective prosecution. 146.H.13.1B 92 Shifting burden of proof. Slander and libel. South Dakota law and procedure. Special prosecutors: U.S. vs. Williams and U.S. vs. Crespinno. Summary judgment. Suppression. Suppression of evidence. Suppression of statements. Temporary restraining order regarding David Hill. Trading post: Licensing. Tribal lands. Menomini. Pitt River Tribe. Sioux: Black Hills. Tribal self-government. U.S. Marshal service. Vior dire questions. H. Peter Young briefs: Government misconduct. "Your Right to Indian Welfare": A handbook on the BIA general assistance program. Miscellaneous background information: American Indian Movement (AIM): Fact sheet. Newsletters, printed matter, and miscellaneous related papers, 1973-1976. Gene Maxey (Washington, D.C. chapter): Financial accounting file and other work, 1973-1974. Proposals prepared for the executive director, Eugene Skenandore, 1973. U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee report: Revolutionary Activities Within the United States: The American Indian Movement, September 1976. Oglala Sioux tribe politics and government: Miscellaneous notes regarding political activity. Constitution and bylaws, 1934, 1936, 1969. Revised code of the Oglala Sioux tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation (as amended down to 1960). Tribal affairs. Enrollment and congressional acts regarding mixed blood/full blood. Tribal council minutes, 1970-1973. 2 folders. Executive committee minutes, 1970-1971, 1973. Ordinances and resolutions, 1971, 1973. 1974 budget. OST and BIA employees. Election reports, 1972. Tribal campaign literature. Parental attitude and student retention program. Loneman school board, 1974. Resolution to remove post office from Porcupine Trading Post, 1972. Trespassing by telephone and electrical companies, 1972-1973. Wounded Knee district, 1972-1973. List of OST eligible voters, March 1975. 146.H.13.2F 93 New Oglala Sioux Nation: 1. American Indians: Miscellaneous articles, directories, statistics, etc. 2 folders. 2. Address books, ID cards, receipts, envelopes, and notes. 3 folders. 4. List of Wilson's Goon Squad [missing]. 5. The Wounded Knee Message: Newsletter inside Wounded Knee, April 14-25, 1973. 6. Lists of lawyers and legal workers working on Wounded Knee. 7. Newsletters: AIM, etc. 8. Statements, lists: Hank Adams and others, 1973. 9. Legal papers. 10. News articles. 11. Letters (appear to be more important than most). 13. Press releases, press registration forms, and news reports. 14. Independent Oglala Nation: Documents, agreements, messages, statements, etc. 15. Journals, lists of names and addresses (squads, etc.) 3 folders. 16. Letters. 17. Miscellaneous. 146.H.13.3B 94 Historical narratives of the Wounded Knee occupation. Akwesasne Notes: Chronology file, January-May 1973. Rough transcripts of firefight tapes. Manuscript. 3 folders. General files: "The FBI's "Racial Intelligence" and the American Indian Militants," by Richard la Course. Prisoners In Our Own Land / Native American Rights Fund Indian Corrections Project, 1973. Federal Programs for Economic Development of Indian Reservations /Michael J. Schmid, 1973. Selected Press Coverage of Wounded Knee -- 1890 / Randall W. Hines (M.A. thesis), 1974. Missing persons, 1973. Standing Deer, John. Winner police misconduct investigation, 1974. Wounded Knee Compensation Bill (S. 1846), 1973. Occupation of Wounded Knee: Hearings Before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee On Indian Affairs of the Committee On Interior and Insular Affairs (Abourezk Hearings), June 16-17, 1973. AIM convention, August 4, 1973. Indian Claims Commission: Sioux Nation of Indians vs. U.S. (Docket No. 74-B), February 15, 1974. 2 folders. First and Second International Indian Treaty Council, 1974, 1976. Federal Power Commission (Project No. 108) Brief of AIM national directors. Court plans: South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa (northern and southern district). 3 folders. Statistics regarding skins in prison in South Dakota, 1975. Survival of American Indians Association: Hank Adams: Wounded Kneed and politics file, 1972-1976. 3 folders. Violence and harassment: Violence and harassment on the reservation. Federal harrassment: Affidavits, 1973-1975. Harassment: Pine Ridge. Harassment: LeDeaux and White Hawk. Donny Pourier: Beating, 1974. WKLD/OC Administration

Consisting of correspondence, minutes, bills, cash journals, office reports, and newsletters, this portion of the papers incorporates WKLD/OC's organizational history, its internal operation, and its relationship with outside individuals and organizations. Some of the more significant records are outlined below.

A substantial body of financial records provides data pertaining to the organization's fund-raising efforts including contributors and amounts and a detailed breakdown of its budget.

Minutes and office reports depict the development and administration of WKLD/OC as a whole and the daily operation, legal work, and collaboration of its six offices. The WKLD/OC newsletters provide a chronicle of the various trials and events on the reservation including the ongoing harassment by Dick Wilson's administration and the FBI.

Another group of records, including mainly correspondence, pertains to numerous national and international Wounded Knee support groups and their cooperation with WKLC/OC in disseminating information to the public and raising funds.

A series of diverse subject files related directly to issues and events surrounding Wounded Knee and American Indians in general concludes this section. A file in this series labeled "Scoreboard: Defendants, trials, convictions" provides a useful synopsis of the sequence and outcomes of the numerous trials covered in this collection.

146.H.13.4F 95 Correspondence: Fund-raising, solidarity, and information requests (foreign and domestic): A-Z, 1973-1975. 19 folders. Fund-raising, solidarity, and information requests: Chronological, 1973-1975. 6 folders. St. Paul office with Sioux Falls office, 1974. 146.H.13.5B 96 Miscellaneous (other than fund-raising), 1973-1976. 4 folders. Minutes: WKLD/OC, March 1973-July 1975, May-August 1976. 7 folders. Investigation Committee reports, May, September 1973. Legal Committee, April 4-June 17, 1975. Mass meetings, 1975. Finances: Correspondence, 1973-1976. Financial priorities. Fund-raising bills, 1974-1975. Fund-raising form letters. Contributions and amounts: March 1973-June 1974. 7 folders. 146.H.13.6F 97 July 1974-1976. 4 folders. Foundations, 1973-1979. 1 index card file arranged by zip code. Harry E. Wright, Jr. Charitable Trust, 1973-1975. Big money access: Bond contacts, celebrities, etc. Bad Heart Bull contributions. Wounded Knee Memorial Trust Fund. Budgets, 1973-1975. Budget (Cedar Rapids), 1976. Financial reports, 1973-1976. Financial reports (St. Paul), 1973-1974. Cash journals, 1973-1975.

SEE: Box 105.

Cash journal (Cedar Rapids), 1976. Petty cash expenses, 1973-1974. 146.H.13.7B 98 Petty cash expenses (Lincoln and Council Bluffs), 1975. 6 folders. Petty cash expenses (Sioux Falls), 1975. Promissory notes, 1974. WKLD/OC debtors. Reorganization: Extraneous input: Organizing a mass defense (I-A-1). Extraneous input: Addresses to Founding Conference on Defense Organizations Against Racist and Political Repression (I-A-2). Embryonic impulses (I-B). Evidence Collective: Minutes, 1974. Job description and responsibilities. Forms. Phone log. Offices: Sioux Falls and Porcupine: Office procedures, tactical investigations, and quality of life on the Pine Ridge Reservation, undated and 1973-1974. 4 folders. St. Paul: Minutes, December 1973-January 1974. Miscellaneous. Council Bluffs: Minutes, February-May 1975. Cedar Rapids: Office reports, 1975-1976. WKLD/OC Publications. 146.H.13.8F 99 Newsletters: "Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committee Newsletter" (Rapid City, Sioux Falls, Lincoln, Council Bluffs), July 1973-October 1975. 2 folders. "Trial Newsletter," February-June 1974. Printed matter. Personnel, 1973-1975. 2 folders. Reference forms and security. Client and general investigative reports, 1974. How to interview. Orientation. Duties: Phone and security. Phone messages, August-November 1973. 5 folders. Court/legal forms and documents. Forms: Masters for duplication (A-M). 29 folders. Forms: Masters for duplication (N-Z). 10 folders. Xerox log and billing form. 146.H.13.9B 100 Inventory: Red file cabinet. Documents inventory control. Miscellaneous material to be typed and filed. Student evaluation forms. Miscellaneous contacts. Miscellaneous resources. Miscellaneous papers. Foreign publications, 1973-1974. Expressions of solidarity. Petitions: Foreign and domestic. Support groups: WKLD/OC resources. National Lawyers Guild: Chapter lists, correspondence, and newsletters, 1973-1975. Native American Solidarity Committee (NASC): Miscellaneous correspondence and related papers, 1975-1978. Correspondence: Filed by state, 1976-1978. 37 folders. 146.H.13.10F 101 Letters from prisoners, 1976-1977. 2 folders. Media Exchange correspondence, 1976-1977. Newsline phone log, February-May 1978. Americans for Indian Self-Determination (c/o Philip Sultz, St. Louis, Mo.), 1975. Boston, 1975. Madison, Wis., 1975. Michigan State U. (East Lansing), 1975. Omaha/Council Bluffs, Nebraska, 1975-1976. San Francisco Bay Area, 1975. Washington, D.C., 1975. Subject files: Affidavits. American Indian Crusade (Bob Burnette), 1972-1973. Biographical questionnaire. Books and publications. Civil case status reports, August 1, 1974. Civil Rights Division: Justice Department. Comptroller report: Pine Ridge Reservation, 1973. Contemporary Indian artists. Defendants statements (including women defendants). Fact sheet: WKLD/OC. Food warehouse market. Fund-raising. Galaxy. Ganienkeh. Hand, Floyd: Land papers. Housing: Sioux Falls: Star Village. Investigation. Jail correspondence. Jail petition, 1973-1974. Lease: Minnesota Ave. house, 1973. Leavenworth Brothers Offense/Defense Committee, 1974. McGrory, Robin (Council Bluffs): Diary, June-August 1975. McKissack letter, September 25, 1973. National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression. Native American Church. Noneck, Delbert. Phone logs, March-April, November 1973. Pigs. Post Office. Prison conditions: South Dakota and Minnesota, 1974-1980. Prisoner correspondence: Charlie Suse and Lance Yellow Hand a/k/a Alvin Sands. Reservation. Rip offs. Rosebud. Scoreboard: Defendants, trials, convictions, 1974-1976. Status reports, July-September 1973. Study group: Minutes and reading lists. Surveillance information. T/C notes, January-June 1975. Trail of broken treaties. Treaty meetings, June 1973. Vietnam. Wanrow, Yvonne, 1973. WKLD/OC identification. Press Coverage

This group of papers documents WKLD/OC's relationship with the press and its management of the substantial press coverage generated by the occupation and related events.

The Committee believed that the national and local media presented a biased view of events related to Wounded Knee and that WKLD/OC had to take an active role in getting a balanced and accurate account disseminated to the public. One of the direct results of this position was the Committee's attempt to prove in court that the press coverage given its clients and related events was prejudicial and therefore made impartial trials impossible.

The papers in this section document WKLD/OC's own press campaign, which included the formulation of procedures for dealing with the press; the publication of a press packet; the establishment of numerous press contacts in the national, local, and alternative media; and frequent press releases.

146.H.14.1B 102 Press packet. Press procedures. Press release: Master list. Master media lists (national, local, and support groups). Press coverage: Minneapolis/St. Paul. Media lists/weekly release list. Press contacts (feeds). Legal press. Gag rule: Council Bluffs, Iowa, 1975. Wisconsin takeover and Wagner, South Dakota log, 1975. Radio advertisements and public service announcements. Artwork. Jokes (animals and crosswords). Press releases and clippings: Lincoln, Nebraska, 1974-1975. St. Paul, Minnesota, 1974-1975. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1975. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 1975. 2 folders. Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 1975. Miscellaneous press releases, 1973-1975. Non-local press clippings. 2 folders. Non-local miscellaneous information. 1868 Treaty. AIM, 1973-1975. Change of venue: Council Bluffs, Iowa to South Dakota, 1975. Fairchild Camera and Instrument Co. (Shiprock, N.M.): Occupation, 1975. Indians: General, 1974-1975. Informers, 1975. Menominee Warrior Society: Occupation of Alexian Monastery (Gresham, Wis.), 1975. Miscellaneous land claims, occupations, and other Indian rights developments, 1974-1975. Pine Ridge, 1974-1975. South Dakota tourist boycott. Women, 1974. Wounded Knee: General, 1974-1975. Wounded Knee occupation, February- May 1973. Wounded Knee trials: Dismissals, 1975. Audio-visual Materials

The bulk of these materials augment the records related to the Custer Courthouse riot and the occupation of Wounded Knee. Audio cassettes related to the Custer riot include state radio tapes of police transmissions made at the time of the riot, material recorded during a line-up of defendants staged by the police immediately following the riot, and interviews with Sarah Bad Heart Bull and several law enforcement officials. There are also video cassettes containing film of testimony presented at a civil rights hearing held by AIM in Rapid City immediately preceding the riot (February 2-4, 1973) and the sequence of events that occurred on the day of the riot (February 6, 1973).

The largest group of audio cassettes related to the Wounded Knee occupation consists of government radio communications, including FBI, BIA, and U.S. Marshal transmissions, which are also documented in the agencies' radio logs found elsewhere in the collection. Other audio cassettes contain interviews with Pine Ridge residents regarding harassment and violence on the reservation and a miscellaneous series related primarily to events prior to and after the occupation. There are also 16mm and 8mm films containing scenes of the Wounded Knee area and news footage of events during the siege.

146.H.14.2F 103 Custer Courthouse riot: State radio tapes. 5 audio cassettes. Custer identifications: Testimony during "line up" proceedings, February 6-8, 1973. 2 audio cassettes. Reproduced audio cassette of "line up" proceedings. Gates' office (side 1)/"Line up" (side 2). Audio cassette. "Line Up" B (side 1)/CBS: As broadcast February 7, 1973 (side 2). Audio cassette. "Line Up" proceeding: Terrance Mayes regarding Robert High Eagle, February 8, 1973. 5" reel-to-reel audio tape. Interview: Sarah Bad Heart Bull. Audio cassette. Interview: Hobart Gates, January 3, 1974. Audio cassette. Interview: Charlie Walker (detective with Pierre police), July 10, 1974. Audio cassette. Interview: Edward Blando (state's attorney for Hughes County), July 10, 1974. Audio cassette. Interview: Donald Kelm (Pierre police chief) and Frank Weldin (Hughes County sheriff), July 8, 1974. Audio cassette. Consolidation of pretrial motions: Training, May 19, 1975. Audio cassette. Wounded Knee occupation: Government radio communications (audio cassettes): Command Post (CP), Pine Ridge, South Dakota/"Birdseye": March 2, 1973: Tape #1: End 3:50 pm. Tape #2: 3:51-6:30 pm. Tape #3: 6:40-9:00 pm. Tape #4: Begin 9:05 pm. Tape #5: End 11:55 pm. Tape #6: 11:55-12:55 pm. March 3, 1973: Tape #7. Tape #8: End 5:20 am. Tape #9: End 8:50 am. Tape #10: End 10:40 am. Tape #11: End 12:50 pm. Tape #12: End 3:19 pm. Tape #13. Tape #14 [missing]. Tape #15. March 4-5, 1973: Tapes #16-#24. 10 cassettes. Undated: Tapes #25-#46. Miscellaneous: Number, date, and times unknown. 2 cassettes. U.S. Marshals' tapes from Command Post: Tape #1: March 18-23. Tape #2: March 23. Tape #3: March 26. Tape #4: March 26. Tape #5: March 27. Tape #6: March 29. BIA tapes [missing tapes 1-2, 4, 9] Tape #1: Shoot-out at Wounded Knee: Buddy Lamont's body brought out of Wounded Knee, April 27, 1973. Tape #2: Sniper fire from font bunker south of the village; APC's in operation; chopper enroute; cease fire, April 27, 1973. Tape #3: Shoot out at Wounded Knee, April 27, 1973.

Transmissions same as Tape #1.

Tape #4: Last shoot out at Wounded Knee. Sniper spotted; BIA enroute to Pine Ridge (incomplete tape). Tape #5: General routine transmissions; news release (possibly K. Fizzell); questions by reporters, answers by Frizzell and Roubideau (not recorded). Tape #6: Side I: Radio operations general; horse stolen; routine transmissions. Side II: Blank. Tape #7: Side I: AIM harassment, WK (pre D-Day). 20 people went by armed, Bellecourt's car spotted with someone else (from Kyle) driving. Side II: Partial duplicate of Side I. Tape #8: Side I: D-Day Wounded Knee. Security team to take custody of prisoner and weapons; move men in and from perimeter around housing; also roads leading to church; USM personnel celebrating seizure of Wounded Knee; Got the U-Haul van; crime scene search. Side II: Blank. Tape #9: Side I: Radio operations WK - general. Four lawyers (AIM) claim they are part of the agreement to represent the people of Wounded Knee; causing quite a ruckus; routine transmissions on press; where to place personnel, etc. Tape #10: Side I: Six or eight individuals furnishing AIM cards; Fran Olson with them; NCIC check being made on individuals and on Leon Rattler (a/k/a Kills Small) for address. Side II: music. Law and order hearings: Tape 1: Nellie Red Owl and Michael Little Boy. Tape 2: Jim White Face, Emma Battelyoun, Shangreaux, Myrtle Johnson. Tape 3: Kills Enemy and Isaac Iron Cloud. Tape 4: Curtis Ghost, Leola Quiver, Kills Enemy, G-Bear, and Mary White Face. Tape 5: Celia Martin statement. Miscellaneous audio cassettes: Russell Means on Columbus, Ohio radio, October 1973. Indian program: Navaho Hoop Dance, Shawnee Stomp Dance, Custer Died for Your Sins, My Country, Where Were You When? and BIA, April 4, 1976. FBI Tape (157-1509-1A2): Side I: Russell Means KRSD, Rapid City. Side II: Blank. FBI Tape (176-87-1A-4): Side I: Clyde and Vernon Bellecourt attack on Wilson and Babby / Appeal to AIM members and Trail of Broken Treaties personnel. Side II: Blank. FBI Tape (176-87-1A-30): Clyde Bellecourt and Russell Means on KOTA radio, February 15, 1973. FBI report regarding Dog Soldiers. Gladys and Lou: Sides G1-G3 / Hobart and Ethel: Sides H1-H4, May 23, [1973?]. 4 audio cassettes. United Sioux Tribal Chairman Conference Call, March 8, 1973. Francis He Crow, Vern Long, and Eugene White Hawk. Francis He Crow. Manderson eviction / Interview with Youngbear's wife and Paul Thunder Horse. Billy Charging interview, October 24, 1973. 2 copies. Eastman press conference, October 19, [1973?]. Ethel: Shooting at Kyle, South Dakota, November 20, 1973. Richard Little interview regarding land sales, leases, etc., Nov, 29, 1973. NBC 5:00 news: Funerals of FBI agents and Joe Killsright Stuntz, June 1975 (Side I) / Renee Howell interview (Side II). Greg/Bev Zephiar interview, July 6, 1975. Barbara Means. Hijinks. Ellen. 2 audio cassettes. Unidentified lawyers meeting [?]. Mrs. Page. The Wounded Knee trial epilogue, September 21, 1974. Unidentified Wounded Knee meeting, May 14-15, 1977. 8 audio cassettes. Wounded Knee 1973: Rebirth of the Sioux Nation (Side 1) / Since Wounded Knee: Two Reports (Side 2)/ Wounded Knee 1973: Rebirth of the Sioux Nation: Interviews with local people (Side 1) / The Second Battle of Wounded Knee: A Report in the Words of the Participants (Side 2). Reel-to-reel audio tapes: Unidentified.

Original amplified tape moved to 5" reel by Special Agent Donald Waller, March 28, 1974.

Tapes #55 and #56, March 26, 1973. 146.H.14.3B 104 1/2" video cassettes: "Custer Reels 1-3": Cy Griffin film (1 cassette): 1. General assembly meeting in Rapid City on the morning of February 7th with speeches by Means, Crow Dog, Banks, and others regarding the need to do something at Custer. An ABC news program recorded "off the air" on February 7th with their view of the Custer Riot. 2. Car caravan to Custer, assembly waiting outside courthouse, the riot, and arrests. 3. More arrests in Custer and the return to a general assembly in Rapid City with speeches by Crow Dog, Dennis Banks, Carter Camp, and others; AIM drumming and singing. "The War in South Dakota": A 1/2-hour edit of the Cy Griffin "Custer Reels" described above. 1 cassette: 30 minutes. Rapid City Indian Civil Rights Task Force hearings on discrimination complaints, February 2-4, 1973: A: Dennis Banks-introduction: Freda Tapio; general; AIM lawyer and complaint against Scottsbluff, Nebraska; June Bad Hand and Jake (William Cavell?)-Flandeau Indian School. 1 cassette [audio only]: ca. 60 min. B: Aaron de Sersa: Lizzie Fast Horse?; VA Hospital; Mrs. Loafer; CRS Director, Regia Dixon. 1 cassette: 54 minutes. C: Regina Brave Dixon: Dennis Banks: Barbara Loafer and Hazel McGaa. 2 cassettes: 65 minutes. Various scenes of the Wounded Knee area and activity during the occupation. 1 cassette. News footage taken at Wounded Knee during the occupation. 1 16mm film reel. 142.G.4.8F-2 105 Aerial photographs of Wounded Knee, 1966. Cash journals, 1973-1975. U.S. vs. Provost: Defense group exhibit A in support of motion to transfer proceedings to another district (defense copy). Custer Court House riot: South Dakota vs. Russell Means, et al.: Motion to dismiss indictment due to prejudicial news media coverage: Exhibit A. South Dakota vs. James Robideau: Press exhibit (WKLD/OC duplicate copy), June-October 1975. 142.D.11.8 106 WKLD/OC mailing list. Miscellaneous posters and calendars. U.S. vs. Russell Means and Dennis Banks: Defense exhibit P-8, certified copy of 1868 treaty. 7 maps of Wounded Knee and surrounding roadblocks. Newspaper Clippings

There are two groups of newspaper clippings, resulting in a certain amount of duplication. One group was assembled by the WKLD/OC staff and the other was originally part of Kenneth Tilsen's files. The clippings (1972-1976) were taken from major newspapers published in North and South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, and Minnesota; Indian newspapers; and the alternative press.

146.H.14.4F 107 Press clippings: Books 1-3, 1972-1973. 3 folders. Assorted newspapers (primarily Minneapolis and St. Paul), 1972-1975. 4 folders. The Forum (Fargo, North Dakota), February-May 1973. Aberdeen American News (Aberdeen, South Dakota), 1973-1975. 8 folders. Rapid City Journal, 1973-1976. 2 folders. Sioux Falls Argus Leader (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), 1973-April 1974. 4 folders. 146.H.14.5B 108 Sioux Falls Argus Leader, May 1974-1976. 3 folders. Capital Journal (Pierre, South Dakota), 1974-1975. Lincoln Journal and Lincoln Star (Lincoln, Nebraska), 1974. Shannon County News (Kyle, South Dakota), 1974. Crazy Horse News, (Rapid City), 1974. The Oglala War Cry (Pine Ridge), 1975. Liberation News Service, 1973-1974. 3 folders. Miscellaneous Indian news, 1974-1975. 141.C.16.10F 109 Akwesasne Notes, 1973-1976. 4 folders. (From Tilsen Files: ) January 1973-January 1974. 7 folders and 3 volumes. 141.C.17.1B 110 Feb-June 1974. 12 folders and 5 volumes. 141.C.17.2F 111 July 1974-Aug, 1976. 17 folders and 2 volumes. Transcripts

Researchers are encouraged to make a thorough examination of the box list in order to be certain they have located all transcripts related to a particular case.

141.C.17.3B 112 Transcript name index, A-Z. (St. Paul copy). 3 volumes. Wounded Knee, 1890-1973. Pamphlet. 4 copies. 151.F.16.4F 113 U.S. vs. Means and Banks: Transcript of trial proceedings: Volumes 1-15, January 8-30, 1974. 151.F.16.5B 114 Volumes 16-30, January 31 - February 18, 1974. 151.F.16.6F 115 Volumes 31-44, March 1-20, 1974. 151.F.16.7B 116 Volumes 45-56, March 21-April 10, 1974. 151.F.16.8F 117 Volumes 57-73, April 11-May 23, 1974. 151.F.16.9B 118 Volumes 74-89, May 24-July 10, 1974. 151.F.16.10F 119 Volumes 90-108, July 11-August 25, 1974.

[Vol. 103 is missing and Vol. 105 is incomplete].

151.F.16.11B 120 Volumes 109-119, August 27-September 16, 1974. 151,F.16.12F 121 Miscellaneous transcripts and proceedings, including opening statements, exhibits, monolithic motion, memo in support of motion for judgement of acquittal, defendants' requested jury instructions, and Judge Nichol's dismissal motion. 149.B.14.9B 122 U.S. vs. Iron Cloud, et al.: Transcript: Volumes 1-11, August 26, 1974-September 12, 1974. 9 volumes.

[Volume 2, volume 7, and volume 11 missing.]

Volumes 3, 3-4, 7 (courthouse copies). U.S. vs. Gilbert, et al.: Transcript: May 17 and May 20, 1974. 1 volume. Volumes 28 and 29, May 23, May 28, 1974. 1 volume. 149.B.14.10F 123 U.S. vs. Sturdevant and Jaramillo: Trial transcript: Volumes 1-14 [v. 12 missing], July 1, 1974-July 30, 1974. 14 volumes. 149.B.14.11B 124 Volumes 15-22, July 21, 1974-August 9, 1974. 8 volumes. 149.B.14.12F 125 U.S. vs. Baker and Deora, February 12, 1974-March 12, 1974. 7 volumes. U.S. vs. Ackerman, Decora, Gilbert: Hearing to dismiss for governmental misconduct, consolidated Wounded Knee cases (CR73-5019), April 26, May 8, 1974. Volumes 18-24 [vol. 20 and vol. 22 missing], May 7, 1974-May 16, 1974. 3 volumes. 152.B.10.10F 126 U.S. vs. Banks and Means: Transcripts: Jury instructions. Daily transcript index: Volume 22-113, February 13-September 3, 1974. Nichol's statement of dismissal, September 16, 1974. 2 copies. U.S. vs. Jaramillo and Sturdevant: Court transcripts: July 1-16, 1974. 10 volumes. 152.B.10.11B 127 July 19, 1974-August 10, 1974. 12 volumes. Review of financial management functions of the Oglala Sioux Tribal Government and the Pine Ridge Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs: Report of the Touche Ross & Co., July 25, 1973. 152.B.10.12F 128 U.S. vs. Iron Cloud, et al.: Transcripts, August 26, 1974-September 12, 1974. 11 volumes. Lincoln cases: Subject and alphabetical cumulative index. 152.B.10.13B 129 U.S. vs. Leonard Crow Dog, et al.: Trial transcript, May 27, 1975-June 5, 1975. 7 volumes. Sentencing, August 5, 1975. U.S. vs. Escamilla, et al.: Court transcripts, March 16, April 30, and May 1, 1975. 3 volumes. U.S. vs. David Ross Williams: Court transcripts, November 7-8, 1973. White Hawk, et al. vs. Lyman, et al.: Court transcripts, April 16, 1973. U.S. vs. Sioux Casper, et al.: Brief for appellants. U.S. vs. Red Feather: Court transcripts, April 1, 1975. U.S. vs. Sturdevant and Jaramillo: Transcript index. Suppression hearing transcripts: Index, February 12, 1974-March 12, 1974. 152.B.10.14F 130 U.S. vs. Neptune: Court transcripts, November 4-14, 1974. 9 volumes. U.S. vs. Fleury, et al.: Court transcripts, September 30-October 9, 1974. 4 volumes. 152.B.10.15B 131 October 10-15, 1974. 4 volumes. U.S. vs. Fleury, et al. and U.S. vs. Alvarado, et al.: Court transcripts, May 31, 1975. 1 volume. U.S. vs. Ackerman, et al.: Court transcripts: Hearing, January 28, 1974. February 11-28, 1974. 6 volumes. 152.B.10.16F 132 March 1, 1974-May 21, 1974. 10 volumes. 141.C.17.4F 133 WKLD/OC vs. FBI: Hearing transcript, September 1, 1973. U.S. vs. Banks and Means: Trial proceedings: Volumes 52 and 53, April 3-4, 1974. South Dakota vs. Means and Marshall: Preliminary hearings, May 1-2, 1975. 2 volumes. Pretrial motions, March 16, 1976. Jury trial, March 29-April 5, 1976. 6 volumes. Appeal transcript, March 30-31, 1976. (Vols. II-A and III-A) Marshall vs. South Dakota: Post conviction relief hearing, March 12-13, 1979. 2 volumes. 141.C.17.5B 134 South Dakota vs. Tyon: Arraignment, February 7, 1973. Nebraska vs. Milo Goings: Preliminary hearing, March 27. 1974. Abzourek hearings (Sioux Falls copy), June 16-17, 1973. U.S. vs. Bernardo Escamilla (CR73-5138): Hearing transcripts, March 19 and 26, 1975. 2 volumes. U.S. vs. Bernardo Escamilla, Bruce Johnson, and Colin Kingfisher: Pretrial hearing transcript: Volumes 1 and 2, April 30-May 1, 1975. Trial transcript, November 3-11, 1975. 6 folders. U.S. vs. Crow Dog, Holder, Camp: Transcript of proceedings, June 3-4, 1975. 2 folders. 141.C.17.6F 135 Proceedings of the Custer County grand jury, August 21, 1973. Hill vs. Sande-Transcript of hearing: Volumes 1 and 2, December 19-20, 1973. South Dakota vs. Carlson, et al.: Hearing transcript, February 28, 1974. South Dakota vs. Carlson, et al: Pretrial hearing-motions, March 12, 1974. South Dakota vs. Hill, et al.: Pretrial conference: Volumes 1-4, April 15-17, 1974. South Dakota vs. Bad Heart Bull, et al: Partial transcript Hobart Gates testimony, May 28-29, 1974. Partial transcript opening statement by Ramon Robideau, June 7, 1974. Hearing in mitigation and sentencing. South Dakota vs. Banks: Transcript of pretrial conference, April 14, 1975. Pretrial motions, April 18, 1975. Transcript of pretrial conference, April 18, 1975. South Dakota vs. James Robideau: deposition of Harry W. Christianson, September 18, 1975. U.S. vs. David Ross Williams: Transcript of hearing, November 7-8, 1973. U.S. vs. Fleury, et al. and U.S. vs. Alvarado and Williams: Testimony-hearing before Judge Urbom, May 31, 1975. U.S. vs. consolidated cases: Treaty hearing transcripts, December 21 and 23, 1974 and January 2, 1975. 2 volumes. 141.C.17.7B 136 U.S. vs. Alvarado, et al.-trial transcript: Volumes 1-5, November 19-22, 1974. U.S. vs. Provost: Suppression hearing, February 10-11, 1975. U.S. vs. Red Star: Suppression hearing, December 4, 1974. U.S. vs. Red Feather and White Dress: Volumes 1-5, November 18-21, 1974. U.S. vs. Onco, December 1974. U.S. vs. Allen Cooper: Pleading hearing, May 13, 1974. Mitigation hearing and sentencing, January 24-25, 1975. U.S. vs. Oscar Bear Runner: Transcript of proceedings, September 24, 1973. Transcript of hearing, October 11, 1973. Transcript of jury trial, October 23-25, 1973. U.S. vs. Baker & Decorah: Voir dire hearing, February 11 and 12, 1974. Pretrial motions, February 19, 1974. Index to suppression hearing transcripts, February 12-March 12, 1974. Trial testimony index, February 12-March 12, 1974. U.S. vs. Sturdevant and Jaramillo (pp. 3272-2413), August 6, 1974. 141.C.17.8F 137 U.S. vs. Hanes, et al. (Edgemont Nine): Witness examination: Hoyt and Brown, April 22, 1975. Hearing transcript, June 2-4, 1975. 3 volumes. U.S. vs. Iron Cloud, et al.: Trial transcript: Volume 1-9 [missing Vols. 2, 4, and 8], August 26-September 5, 1974. U.S. vs. Banks and Means: Testimony-bad faith prosecution hearing (Sioux Falls), November 26, 1973. Testimony of Richard Kliendienst-bad faith prosecution hearing (Sioux Falls), November 26, 1973. U.S. v. Escamilla (CR73-5138): Hearing, March 26, 1975. Suppression hearing: Volumes 1-2, April 30 and May 1, 1975. U.S. v. Fleury, et al.: Trial transcript (pp. 32-122), October 1, 1974. U.S. v. Neptune-trial transcript: Volume 9, November 14, 1974. 146.E.8.7B 138 U.S. vs. Bad Heart Bull, et al.: Transcripts with index: Volumes 9-19, May 23-June 10, 1974. 12 volumes. 146.E.8.8F 139 South Dakota vs. Kane and Bald Eagle (Sioux Falls riot): Appeal transcript, January 5-22, 1976. 14 volumes. Index of witnesses and exhibits. Jury trial transcript: January 29-February 12, 1976 (pp. 1-1087). 146.E.8.9B 140 February 13-19, 1976 (pp. 1088-1651). Appeal transcript: Motion for dismissal at end of prosecutions case in chief, February 6, 1976. Sentencing hearing, March 4, 1976. South Dakota vs. Edgar Bear Runner and Ted Means (Sioux Falls riot): Changes to transcript of jury trial. Trial transcript, February 2-20, 1976. Closing statements and verdicts. South Dakota vs. Russell Means, David Hill, et al.: Transcripts of motion hearings, December 15, 1975 and January 14, and February 9, 1976. 146.E.8.10F 141 South Dakota vs. Russell Means: Arraignment, December 20, 1974. Motion hearings, August 11 and 18, October 21-28, 1975. 2 folders. Court transcript: Volumes 1-11, October 23-November 25, 1975 (pp.1-2422). 146.E.9.1B 142 Volumes 12-20, November 26-December 10, 1975 (pp. 2433-3947). Sentencing and bail bond hearing, December 31, 1975. South Dakota vs. Wabun Nuwi Nini, Al Cooper, John Concanon, Lois Tiger, and Bobbi Jo Tiger: Testimony of Dr. Jay Schulman, March 19, 1975. Closed Materials

Refer to the series Audio-Visual Materials for user copies of these items.

146.E.9.2F 143 Audio cassette originals: Gates' office (side 1)/"Line Up" A (side 2). Interview: Sarah Bad Heart Bull. 2 audio cassettes. Ellen. The Wounded Knee trial epilogue, September 21, 1974. Unidentified Wounded Knee meeting, May 14-15, 1977. Tapes 2 and 3. Wounded Knee 1973: Rebirth of the Sioux Nation (side 1)/Since Wounded Knee: Two Reports (side 2). Wounded Knee 1973: Rebirth of the Sioux Nation: Interviews with local people (side 1)/The Second Battle of Wounded Knee: A Report in the Words of the Participants (side 2). Reel-to-reel audio tape originals: Russell Means on Columbus, Ohio radio, October 1973. Indian program: Navaho Hoop Dance, Shawnee Stomp Dance, Custer Died for Your Sins, My Country, Where Were You When?, and BIA, April 4, 1976. Camera originals (1/2" open-ended video tape): "Custer Reels 1-3." 3 reels. "The War in South Dakota." 1 reel. Rapid City Indian Civil Rights Task Force Hearings on Discrimination. 3 reels in KAREX box. Custer fight--"Leaders/MBC (Mother Butler Center?)/Rapid City." 1 reel in metal canister. Unidentified. 1 reel in metal canister and 2 reels in Sony boxes. Submasters (3/4" video cassette): Custer reels #1-#2. 1 cassette: 46 min. 30 sec. Custer reel #3. 1 cassette: ? min. "The War In South Dakota." 1 cassette: 30 min. Rapid City Indian Civil Rights Task Force Hearing on Discrimination. 4 cassettes. Camera original (18 mm film reel): Various scenes of the Wounded Knee area and activity during the occupation.