OVERVIEW
Minnesota Historical Society
Action for Corporate Accountability.
Organization records.
1966-1995 (bulk
1977-1984).
Records encompassing the organization's activities on the
infant formula issue and the Nestle boycott. These records document infant formula
promotion and "bottle baby disease" through photographs, examples of packaging,
advertisements, point of sale promotions, hospital visits and staff interviews, and
parent interviews.
38.15 cubic feet (40 boxes).
See [Detailed Description](a9) section for
shelf locations.
HISTORICAL NOTE
Action for Corporate Accountability (ACA) was incorporated by members of the
organization Infant Formula Action (INFACT) who remained dedicated to INFACT's
infant formula work. When INFACT chose to change direction away from the infant
formula issue and to tackle other causes, these core members created ACA in order to
continue the infant formula work. The situations which motivated the creation of
INFACT and ACA are as follows.
The uncontrolled promotion of infant formula in the Third World contributed to
widespread misuse of infant formulas, which resulted in thousands of infant deaths.
In February 1974, War on Want (United Kingdom) published The Baby Killer, a report
on infant malnutrition and its link to the promotion of artificial feeding in the
Third World. The report shocked citizens in the U. K. and United States. In May 1974
the report was translated and published in Switzerland under the title Nestlé T_tet
Babies (Nestlé Kills Babies). This translation and release so angered Nestlé that it
brought a libel suit against the Arbeitsgruppe Dritte Welt (AgDW), which had
generated the report.
The Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR) put shareholder pressure on
infant formula companies to induce them to change their marketing practices. It also
developed an Infant Formula Program (IFP), headed by Leah Margulies, to keep
pressuring the companies and promote awareness of infant formula abuse. During April
1976 the Sisters of the Precious Blood filed a lawsuit against Bristol-Meyers for
their role in infant formula promotion, which brought the issue to public attention
in the United States.
In July 1977 the Third World Institute at the University of Minnesota's Newman Center
launched a boycott of Nestlé products in protest of Nestlé's infant formula
promotion tactics. They chose to target Nestlé because it was the largest producer
of infant formulas and held 60% of the formula market in the Third World. INFACT was
established to coordinate the spreading grassroots boycott of Nestlé products. The
Third World Institute served as INFACT's national boycott headquarters. Local U.S.
chapters of INFACT held a national conference in November 1977 calling for an
international boycott of Nestlé products in July of that year. Canada, New Zealand,
and Australia joined the boycott in 1978 and the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Germany
joined in 1980.
INFACT, ICCR, and other groups urged the United States government to investigate the
infant formula companies and infant feeding practices. During 1978 and 1981 the U.S.
Senate and House held hearings concerning Nestlé and other formula manufacturers.
The National Council of Churches (NCC) and INFACT sponsored an international meeting,
held during September 1979, for organizations supporting and promoting the boycott.
In order to coordinate worldwide boycott efforts the International Nestlé Boycott
Committee (INBC) was created at this meeting. The INBC acted as a steering committee
for boycott efforts, however, its primary responsibility was as the negotiating body
and voice for the forty-nine member organizations.
The International Organization of Consumers Unions (Penang, Malaysia) began lobbying
UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1972. ICCR and INFACT joined their
efforts in 1977. This lobbying resulted in the WHO/UNICEF Joint Meeting on Infant
and Young Child Feeding, held in Geneva, Switzerland on October 9-12, 1979. The
meeting called for the development and establishment of international guidelines for
marketing breast milk substitutes. The "International Code of Marketing of
Breast-milk Substitutes" was adopted at the World Health Assembly in 1981.
In November 1979 the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) was formed by
INFACT to be the hub of an international network of interested groups. IBFAN
described itself "as a facade of unity; a 'paper tiger'." It acted as an
international pressure group which monitored and reported on industry promotion and
marketing, and distributed such information to member groups. IBFAN had three
central offices administered by member organizations: in Switzerland under the
Geneva Infant Feeding Association (GIFA); in the U.S.A. under INFACT headquartered
in Minneapolis (Minnesota); and in Malaysia under the International Organization of
Consumers Unions (IOCU).
Nestlé responded to the WHO Code and allegations of code violations by creating the
Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission (NIFAC) (1982), a purportedly independent
commission chaired by former U.S. Senator Edmund S. Muskie. NIFAC was to investigate
and make determinations on the validity of the accusations submitted by INFACT and
INBC and to recommend action by Nestlé. Nestlé's other defense was the Nestlé
Coordination Center on Nutrition (NCCN). This corporate office, headed by Rafael
Pagan, was devoted to diffusing the infant formula issue and bolstering Nestlé's
public relations image in the United States.
By October 1984, INBC and Nestlé had negotiated an agreement in which Nestlé would
abide by the WHO code and the boycott would be terminated. INFACT called a halt to
the Nestlé boycott in the United States and urged other international groups to
cease the boycott as well. Unconvinced that Nestlé would comply without continued
pressure, INFACT and IBFAN made strong moves to monitor Nestlé activities in foreign
countries to ensure that Nestlé upheld the agreement. INFACT developed and funded a
monitoring program, directed by Carol-Linnea Salmon. Between 1984 and 1988 INBC
referred to itself as the International Negotiators for Babyfood Code Compliance and
participated in monitoring Nestlé and other companies.
Buoyed by their success against Nestlé, the governing body of INFACT decided in 1985
to tackle General Electric (GE) and nuclear arms production issues. The INFACT
headquarters moved to Boston (Massachusetts). INFACT staff devoted to the infant
formula issue disagreed with this change in direction and felt that there were
insufficient funds for tackling a fresh grassroots campaign and boycott. In January
of 1986, staff dedicated to the infant formula work split from INFACT and became
IBFAN U.S.A. In April 1986 IBFAN U.S.A. changed its name to Action for Corporate
Accountability (ACA).
Mediation between INFACT and ACA took place to determine funding, particularly the
Thelma Smith bequest which was given to INFACT, but designated for infant formula
work. Mediation also addressed name use and recognition rights, and other details of
the separation of the groups. ACA continued monitoring Nestlé and other formula
manufacturers. Because of continued violations of the WHO code, ACA reinstated the
boycott of Nestlé in 1989 and included American Home Products as well. They also
addressed infant feeding issues in the United States.
SCOPE AND CONTENTS
The Action for Corporate Accountability Records are divided into four major groups:
Infant Formula Action (INFACT) Records, ACA records, Company Files, and Affiliate
Groups.
The Infant Formula Action (INFACT) records (1966-1994) (boxes 1-18, 39) consist of
correspondence, minutes, board of directors reports, budgets, financial reports,
internal memoranda, and some legal files. There are copies of bulk mailing packets
and boycott promotion materials. Print advertisements from Nestlé, Wyeth
Laboratories, Bristol-Meyers, Carnation, Dumex, Milupa, and other corporations
selling infant foods were gathered for research and as examples of marketing
practices. There are newsletters produced by INFACT as well as single issues from
various supporting or endorsing groups. INFACT's infant formula issue research
literature files are composed of medical and scientific articles pertaining to
health, infant feeding, and malnutrition. The press and publications files contain
hundreds of newspaper clippings concerning the infant formula issue, press releases,
and public announcements issued by INFACT. The United States government files
contain correspondence and other information on U.S. legislation and the Senate and
House hearings held between 1978 and 1981. The monitoring infant formula
manufacturers files consist of research files, which document infant formula
promotion before the WHO code, and monitoring files which address compliance with
the code. Both of these subseries include transcripts of interviews, hospital
maternity ward surveys, photographs, posters, and advertisements gathered on trips
to Third World nations.
The Action for Corporate Accountability (ACA) Records (1979-1995) (boxes 15, 17,
19-22) comprise similar series, and also include the legal and mediation files
pertaining to the split of INFACT and ACA and the Thelma Smith bequest.
The Company Files (1973-1994) (boxes 21, 23-27) encompass corporate information,
advertisements, public relations materials, and correspondence with officials at
Abbott/Ross Laboratories, American Home Products, Bristol-Meyers, Nestlé and other
infant products manufacturers. It also contains correspondence with the
International Council of Infant Food Industries (ICIFI) which was established in
1975. The Nestlé files include quarterly reports, correspondence and preliminary
determinations from the Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission (NIFAC).
The Affiliate Groups files (1973-1994) (box 27-38) contain correspondence, flyers,
newsletters, meeting notes, minutes, and reports from groups actively involved with
the infant formula issue and the Nestlé boycott. These groups include The
International Nestlé Boycott Committee (INBC) and the International Baby Food Action
Network (IBFAN) which were created by INFACT in conjunction with other groups. There
are files from independent agencies such as the Baby Milk Action Coalition (BMAC),
the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR), and War on Want. Some of
these groups maintained their own correspondence, monitoring, and violations files.
There are reports, resolutions, and correspondence from international bodies such as
the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Health Assembly (WHA), and
UNICEF.
The collection provides an excellent view of a successful grassroots organization
that grew not only to a national, but to an international level, and documents a
victorious consumer boycott of a multinational corporation. The core of these
records, however, is not the daily operation and management of a not-for-profit
group or a consumer boycott. The administrative records in this collection are
incomplete. The grassroots nature of INFACT in its early days, communication
problems inherent to a nationwide volunteer organization, management problems,
internal disagreements over goals and direction for the group after the cessation of
the boycott, and a division of the organization's records contribute to the limited
quantity of administrative files in this collection.
The bulk of this collection reveals the campaign materials, the international effort,
and massive evidence base upon which the cooperating groups built their case against
Nestlé and other formula producers. Since INFACT was central to the operations of
all aspects of the network, boycott, and negotiations, the records offer information
on the roles played by a significant number of key groups and individuals within the
campaign.
Expect many files, especially those researching and monitoring formula in the Third
World to have non-English text. Since the researchers were, for the most part, from
the United States, the primary language in all files is English.
Historical information is taken from the collection.
ARRANGEMENT
These records are divided into four main sections:
Infant Formula Action (INFACT) Records, 1966-1994
- Background and Establishment, 1981-1986, [1991]
- Administration, 1976-1986
- United States Government Files, 1976-1994
- Infant Formula Issue Research Literature, 1976-1985
- Infant Formula Campaign, 1976-1985
- Grassroots, 1976-1986
- Monitoring Infant Formula Manufacturers, 1970-1989
- Press and Publication Files, 1966-1985
Action for Corporate Accountability (ACA) Records, 1979-1995
- Transition Documents, 1985-1988
- Administration, 1985-1995
- Fund Raising, Proposals, and Projects, 1986-1993
- Monitoring Infant Formula Manufacturers, 1985-1993
- Grassroots, 1985-1995
- Infant Formula Issue Research Literature, 1986-1992
- Outreach Files, 1985-1995
- Press and Publications Files, 1983-1986-1995
- Legal Files, 1979-1989
Company Files, 1973-1944
- International Council of Infant Food Industries (ICIFI), 1979-1982
- Corporate Information, 1977-1989
- Nonessential Companies, 1977-1993
- Abbott/Ross Laboratories, 1975-1989
- American Home Products/Wyeth Laboratories, 1973-1989
- Bristol-Meyers (Mead Johnson), 1975-1989
- Nestlé, 1974-1994
Affiliate Groups, 1973-1994
- Baby Milk Action Coalition (BMAC), 1985-1994
- Balikatan at Ugnayang Naglalayong Suagip as Sanggol (BUNSO),
[1982]-1986
- Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR), 1973-1993
- International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), 1979-1994
- International Nestlé Boycott Committee (INBC), 1979-1993
- UNICEF, 1975-1994
- War on Want, 1977-1981
- World Health Organization (WHO) and World Health Assembly (WHA),
1978-1994
RELATED MATERIALS
The Minnesota Historical Society museum collection has nine Nestlé brand infant
formula tins, retained as examples of Nestlé product packaging.
Additional materials can be found in the collection of the State Historical Society
of Wisconsin under INFACT Records, circa 1977-1993.
CATALOG HEADINGS
This collection is indexed under the following headings in the catalog of the
Minnesota Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related topics,
persons or places should search the catalog using these
headings.
Topics:
Advertising -- Baby Foods -- Law and legislation.
Bottle Feeding -- Health aspects.
Boycotts.
Infant Formulas.
Infants -- Nutrition.
Kwashiorkor.
Legislative Hearings -- United States.
Marasmus.
Persons:
Baer, Ed.
Chetley, Andrew.
Ciocca, Henry G.
Clement, Douglas.
Guerrant, David E.
Johnson, Douglas A.
Margulies, Leah.
Resnick, Idrian N.
Salmon, Carol-Linnea.
Seitz, Ruth Hoover.
Organizations:
American Home Products.
Baby Milk Action Coalition.
Bristol-Meyers Co. -- Ltd. Mead Jonnson Division
Geneva Infant Feeding Association.
INFACT (Minn.).
Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility.
International Council of Infant Food Industries.
International Nestlé Boycott Committee.
International Organization of Consumers Unions (Penang,
Malaysia).
Nestlé Alimentana.
Organizations:
Nestlé Company.
Nestlé Coordination Center for Nutrition.
Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission.
Newman Center (University of Minnesota) -- Third World
Institute.
Sisters of the Precious Blood.
Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and
Children.
Stouffer Corporation.
UNICEF.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Human Resources. Subcommittee
on Health and Scientific Research.
War on Want.
World Health Assembly.
World Health Organization.
Wyeth Laboratories.
Types of Documents:
Advertisements.
Brochures.
Flyers.
Pamphlets.
Photographs.
Titles:
<emph render="italic">International Code for the Marketing
of Breastmilk Substitutes</emph> (1981).
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
Preferred Citation:
[Indicate the cited item and or series here]. Action
for Corporate Accountability. Organization Records. Minnesota Historical
Society.
See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional
examples.
Accession Information:
Accession numbers: 15,382; 15,459; 16,380
Processing Information:
Processing and cataloging of this collection was supported with a Basic Project
grant awarded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission
(NHPRC).
Processed by: Lynn M. Leitte, March 1998; Shelby Edwards, September 2011.
Catalog ID number: 001734567
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Infant Formula Action (INFACT) Records,
1966-1994.
Background and Establishment,
1981-1986, [1991].
144.B.14.10F
1
Background and chronology,
undated, [1991].
Bylaws,
July 1981.
Form 1023 attachments,
1984-1986.
Douglas Johnson's Infant Formula Campaign Strategic History
Project:
Correspondence, planning, notes,
1985-1986.
Drafts and comments,
1985-1986.
Chapter 1,
August 10, 1987.
Chapter 10,
undated.
Receipt of the Letelier-Moffitt Memorial Human Rights
Award,
1982.
Administration, 1976-1986
144.B.14.10F
1
DMG [Decision Making Group]:
DMG structure,
undated, 1978.
DMG work,
1979.
DMG mailing,
1979-1980.
DMG meetings,
1978-1983.
2 folders.
Moe Rodenstein, Funding Raising Coordinator,
1980-1981.
DMG check-in:
Atwater, Tim,
1981.
Baer, Ed,
1980, 1983.
Blackwell, Angela,
1984.
Campbell, Lynn,
1981.
Cramer-Heverman, Jack,
undated.
Happe, Lois,
1980.
Hurst, Barbara,
undated.
Johnson, Douglas A.,
1981.
Lamy, Elaine,
1980.
Margulies, Leah,
1980, 1982.
Mingle, Charles,
1980.
O'Shaughnessy, Brian,
1980.
144.B.14.10F
1
Powell, Shirley,
1980.
Reif, Pat,
undated.
Ritchie, Mark,
undated.
Schaedlich, Paula,
1980.
Sobel, Carol,
undated.
Tappan, Patty,
1980.
Board of directors:
Board of directors, 1982-1983.
3 folders.
Board meetings,
March, May, and September 1984.
Closing of INFACT national office in Minneapolis,
July 10, 1985.
[Newsletter] editorial board,
1980.
Administrative workshops:
Camp Kingswood infant formula planning workshop,
February 25-28, 1984.
Chicago strategic planning workshop,
April 8-11, 1983.
CODEL, Inc. seminar Continuing the
Fight for the WHO Infant Formula Code,
March 14, 1985.
Futures planning workshop,
March 18-20 1983; December 2-4, 1983.
Infant formula program planning workshops,
1982, 1984.
Planning our international work workshop,
January 14-17, 1983.
Planning meetings:
Campaign department,
1983-1984.
CMS planning meeting,
November 1985.
Department heads planning session for the period
September 1, 1984-April 30, 1985,
July 9 and 11, 1984.
Infant formula campaign strategy meeting,
November 29-December 2, 1983.
Infant Formula Compliance Unit (IFCU):
Infant Formula Unit planning meeting,
March 20-25, 1984.
Planning meetings,
1984.
144.B.14.11B
2
Plans,
1984.s
2 folders.
Planning,
1985.
Financial report,
1985.
Work,
1985.
Infant Formula Work Group meeting,
December 13, 1982.
International Department strategies,
1983.
2 folders.
Outreach Team notebook: Coordinating meeting reports,
1980.
National office planning,
undated, 1982.
Planning meeting (organizational),
May 9, 1983.
Planning session for Nestlé/INBC negotiations,
March 1983.
Sample projections: Post-victory,
1984.
Strategy Team meeting,
1982-1983.
Strategy meeting for targeting American Home Products,
1983-1984.
Victory celebration,
February 29, 1984.
Washington planning session,
March 18-20, 1983.
Taster's Choice coffee product boycott plans.
National INFACT conferences:
National boycott,
September 11, 1979.
National conference,
March 7-9, 1980.
5th national conference,
July 10-12, 1981.
2 folders.
Boycott strategy conference,
undated.
Participation in INBC meeting, Gex, France,
May 27-29, 1983.
144.B.14.11B
2
Staff:
Personnel policy,
1982-1986.
Consultation report,
1982.
Report on problem solving and conflict resolution.
Evaluation of Nancy Cole, Executive Director,
1985.
Staff file,
undated, 1980-1984.
Clement, Douglas: Contract,
1985.
Margulies, Leah: Law school,
1984.
Seitz, Ruth Hoover: Contract and correspondence,
1981-1983.
Shy, Ruth: Campaign Center Director,
1984.
Finances:
Audits,
1979, 1981, 1983.
3 folders.
Budgets,
1979-1985.
5 folders.
Financial statements: Unaudited,
1984-1986.
Funding proposals:
Fund raising agreement between compliance and
general,
undated.
Infant Formula Compliance Unit (IFCU),
1984-1985.
State Model Plan grant and proposal,
undated.
Correspondence:
Internal correspondence,
undated, 1978-1984.
Correspondence and phone calls to IBFAN regarding Quito,
Ecuador,
1985-1986.
Baer, Ed of ICCR,
1977-1979.
Beech-nut Chewing Gum (Lifesavers, Inc./Squibb
Enterprises, Inc.),
1979-1980.
144.B.14.12F
3
Bottle Babies film,
1975-1978.
Exchanges between Dr. Nimrod O. Bwibo, Dr. Elizabeth Hillman,
Peter Kreig, Doug Clement, et. al.
Clement, Doug,
1980-1982.
Clement, Doug: Publishers and editors,
1978-1982.
Deer Park Baking Company,
1979.
Gerlach, Luther P.,
1978.
International Council of Infant Food Industries (ICIFI),
1976, 1980-1981.
Jelliffe, Dr. Derrik B.,
1977-1983.
Johnson, Douglas,
undated, 1978-1980.
Latham, Dr. Michael,
1978-1980.
Margulies, Leah of ICCR, 1977-1980.
Mingle, Charles, 1978-1980.
Norway Dairy Sales Association, 1978-1979.
Van Esterick, Penny, 1979-1980.
United States Government Files, 1976-1994
These files, collected by INFACT, pertain to the congressional hearings
on the infant formula issue. They also reflect the lobbying efforts of
INFACT and its affiliated groups. There are a number of files of
correspondence between INFACT and various congressmen and other public
officials as the group networked and pushed legislation on their issue.
The dates of this material indicate that these files were also used by
ACA.
144.B.14.12F
3
United States House of Representatives hearings.
Correspondence and notes, undated and 1980.
Sam Ervin on behalf of Grocery Manufacturers of America,
May 1981.
Committee on Foreign Affairs:
Statements before the Subcommittee on International
Economic Policy and Trade:
Transcript of Statements Before the Subcommittee,
February 11, 1980.
David O. Cox, President of Ross Laboratories, a
Division of Abbott Laboratories, January 30,
1980.
John F. Dolan, Vice President and General Counsel
of Nestlé Enterprises, Inc., February 11,
1980.
Dr. Martin J. Forman, Director of the Office of
Nutrition, U.S. Agency for International Development,
January 10, 1980.
Douglas Johnson, Chairman of INFACT and Leah
Margulies, Director of the Infant Formula Program, ICCR,
January 10, 1980.
144.B.14.12F
3
Gary W. Mize, President of Mead-Johnson
Nutritionals, January 30, 1980.
John R. Stafford, Executive Vice President of
American Home Products, February 11, 1980.
Statements before the Subcommittee on International
Economic Policy and Trade and the Subcommittee on Human
Rights and International Organizations:
David O. Cox, President of Ross Laboratories, a
Division of Abbott Laboratories, June 16,
1981.
Leah Margulies, Codirector of the Infant Formula
Project, ICCR, June 16, 1981.
United States Senate Hearings:
Correspondence, notes, and strategic planning,
1977-1978.
Committee on Human Resources:
Statements before the Subcommittee on Health and
Scientific Research:
Abbott/Ross Laboratories, May 23,
1978.
Bristol-Meyers, May 23, 1978.
Leah Margulies, ICCR, May 23, 1978.
Nestlé-Brazil, May 23, 1978.
Wyeth International, May 23, 1978.
Hearing on the marketing and promotion of infant formula
in developing countries: Outlines, prepared questions, and
critiques, 1978.
Special public forum on infant formula marketing:
Testimony of Douglas Johnson, National Chairman of INFACT, May
20, 1981.
Other hearings and statements:
Testimony to the Committee on Human Services of the
District of Columbia regarding the Infant Feeding Rights Act of
1982, undated and April 18, 1983.
Statement of National Citizen's Coalition for the U.S.
Government Interagency Task Group on the WHO/UNICEF Code of
Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes, April 6, 1981.
National Commission to Prevent Infant Mortality,
1991-1992.
Hearing on infant feeding, July 9, [1979].
Testimony of Dr. James Albrecht to the Presidential
Commission on World Hunger, April 25, 1979.
Testimony of Dr. Sandra Huffman to the Select Committee
on Hunger, April 26, 1989.
Legislation files:
H. R. 4093, 1979.
3 folders.
H. R. 4535 "Harkin Bill," 1981.
H. R. 5836 "Gore Bill," November 8, 1979.
H. R. 6587 (Amendment to the Export Administration Act of
1979), 1979-1980.
H. R. 6942 International Security and Development
Cooperation Act of 1980.
House and Senate concurrent resolution (H. 122) and (S.
111), 1981.
S. 1193 Amendment, undated.
S. 2714 International Security and Development
Cooperation Act of 1980.
Council of District Columbia Infant Feeding Rights Act of
1982.
Materials on legislation, undated and
1976-1977.
President Carter's export proposal reaction, undated and
1978-1979.
A Rational Approach to Export
Controls, by Jonathan B. Bingham and Victor C.
Johnson, undated.
Antitrust Guide: On the
Extra-territorial Application of the U.S. Antitrust Laws and
Their Effects on Developing Countries, by Pierre
Bergeron, 1982.
State legislation, undated and 1984,
1993-1994.
144.B.14.12F
3
Laws and policies:
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, undated
and 1979-1983.
Infant formula and maternity laws (international),
1977-1979.
Local law: New York state on infant feeding,
1983-1985.
U.S. government policy on the WHO code, 1981.
Government contacts:
Congressional Record, 1979-1984.
Administration "contacts," 1977-1989.
H. R. "contacts," 1977-1981.
Senate "contacts," 1977-1988.
[Form] letters to Senators and Representatives,
1977-1993.
Report on D.C. trip to encourage legislative initiatives,
June 23-25, 1993.
Ernest Lefever and "Nestlégate"
INFACT found the appointment of Lefever a cause for objection. He was
not sympathetic to their cause and the ethics of his human rights
platform had come under scrutiny. During the same period it was
revealed that Nestlé planned a cover-up. Nestlé had agreed publicly
to abide by the WHO Code, but did not intend to honor that
agreement. This was dubbed "Nestlégate" by the INFACT staff. Why
records of these two events were kept together by INFACT is
unclear.
Lefever appointment as Assistant Secretary of State for
Human Rights, 1981.
See also the Press and Publication files (box 18) for collected
newspaper clippings on this topic.
144.B.14.13B
4
Lefever appointment as Assistant Secretary of State for
Human Rights, 1981.
"Nestlégate," 1979-1981.
See also the Press and Publication files (box 18) for collected
newspaper clippings on this topic.
Government departments and programs
Agency for International Development (AID), 1979-1981.
2 folders.
John Bryant, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, 1980.
State Department "flap," 1980.
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC):
WIC, 1979-1981.
Breastfeeding legislation, 1987-1988.
Infant formula distribution, 1983-1987.
2 folders.
WIC study, 1986-1987.
Infant Formula Issue Research Literature, 1976-1985
144.B.14.13B
4
Inside:
Articles authored by INFACT and other affiliated activist groups.
These articles are in alphabetical order by title.
Awareness and Action in the Third
World, by Douglas Clement, undated.
"The Boycott Must Continue," by Douglas Johnson in Food Monitor 14 (January/February
1980).
The Case for the Code,
November 1983.
Corporate Examiner Special
Issue draft text, undated.
Feeding Babies--A Shared
Responsibility, undated.
"Growing Nestlé Boycott Haunts Infant Formula Makers," by
Fred Clarkson in Win, March 1,
1981.
INFACT Victory and Beyond,
1984.
144.B.14.13B
4
Infant Formula Malnutrition,
by Doug Clement, September 10, 1977.
"Infant Formula Malnutrition: Threat to the Third World,"
by Doug Clement in Christian Century
(March 1, 1978) and Learning
With 6:3 (March 1978).
Infant Formula Marketing in
Singapore, by Doug Clement, November
1982.
"Infant Formula Practice in the U.S.," by Steve Wirtz in
Science for the People
(March/April 1984).
Is Infant Formula Promotion an
Insignificant Problem?, by Doug Clement,
undated.
Infant Formula Promotion in South
Africa--1979, by Douglas Clement, March
1980.
"In the 'Third World' Day Care Isn't a Problem," by
Charles Mingle in PTA Today 6:1
(May 1980).
"Nestlé's Latest Killing in the Bottle Baby Market," by
Douglas Clement in Business and Society
Review (Summer 1978).
Nestlé and the Roots of
Hunger, undated and 1979-1980.
2 folders.
"People Power Works: A Retrospective of the Nestlé
Boycott," by Lois Happe in Science for the
People (March/April 1984).
Policy vs. Practice: the Reality of
Formula Promotion, May 1979.
A Summary Critique of "Infant
Feeding in the Developing Countries," January
1978.
INFACT critique of a 1977 Nestlé publication.
144.B.14.13B
4
Outside:
Articles and studies authored by unaffiliated persons or
institutions. These articles are in alphabetical order by title.
Bibliographies and scientific abstracts on infant
feeding, 1976-1981.
"Administrative Petition to Relieve the Health Hazards of
Promotion of Infant Formula in the U.S.," in Birth and Family Journal 8:4 (Winter
1981).
Bottle Babies: A Guide to the Baby
Foods Issue, by Jane Cottingham for Women's
International Information and Communication Service (ISIS),
March 1976.
"The Bottle Baby Scandal: Milking the Third World for All
Its Worth," by Barbara Carson in Mother
Jones (December 1977).
144.B.14.13B
4
"Breast-feeding and Morbidity In Industrialized
Countries: An Update," by Allen S. Cunningham in Mortality Studies,
undated.
"Breast-feeding and Population Growth," by John Knodel in
Science (December
1977).
"Breastfeeding and Weaning Among the Poor," in Lactation Review 3:1
(1978).
"La Campana de IBFAN en America Latina Planeamiento
1985-1986," 1985.
"Carious Teeth Lesions Caused by Sweetened Herbal Tea,"
by W.-E. Wetzel in Monatsschr
Kinderheilkd 130: 726-730 (1982).
"Challenging Multinational Corporations: the Case of the
Bristol-Meyers Company in the Netherlands," by Fons van der
Velden in Mainstream (August 4,
1984).
"The Corporation Haters," by Herman Nickel in Fortune, June 16, 1980.
The Economic Value of
Breastfeeding, by the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1974.
An Ethnographic Study of the
Midwife in Taiwan: An Alternative Model for Maternity
Care, by Janet F. Wang, undated.
144.B.14.13B
4
"Feeding in Early Infancy and Primary Health Care," by
Derrick B. Jelliffe and E. F. Patrice Jelliffe in Ecology of Food and Nutrition 9
(1980).
Infant Feeding and Health in
Ibadan
[Nigeria], by Freedom from Hunger,
September 1973.
The Feeding of the Very Young: an
Approach to Determination of Policies, by the
Nutrition Foundation, October 1978.
"Hazards of Formula Feeding," by John W. Gerrard and
Leonard K.-T. Tan in Keeping Abreast:
Journal of Human Nurturing (January-March
1978).
"Impact of Breast Milk on the Cost-Effectiveness of the
Special Care Unit for the Newborn," by S. R. Daga and A. S. Daga
in Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
31 (April 1985).
Infant Food Companies in Europe and
the United States and Their Policies for Marketing in the
Developing World, by Bo Wickstr_m, April
1977.
Infant Food Marketing Practices: a
Study of Transnational Infant Food Companies and Marketing
Behavior in Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and the
Philippines, by Bo Wickstr_m and G_ran G_tberg,
December 13, 1977.
144.B.14.13B
4
"Infant Formula: An Activist Campaign," in Business International,
undated.
"Infant Formula as a Cause of Aluminium Toxicity in
Neonatal Uraemia" by Michael Freundlich, et al in The Lancet,
September 7, 1985.
Infant Formula Controversy,
by Robin Lightman, December 16, 1980.
"Infant Formula Promotion and Infant Feeding Practices,
Bicol Region, Philippines," by Charles C. Griffin, et al in American Journal of Public Health 74:9 (September
1984).
Infant Formula Survey of Marketing
Practices, by Louis Harris and Associates, Inc.,
1984.
144.B.14.13B
4
"Infant Nutrition and Feeding Techniques," by Patricia
Worthington in Pediatric Nursing
(January/February 1977).
Infant and Young Child Feeding and
International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in
the U.S.: A Report to WHO, by the Office of
International Health, Department of Health and Human Services,
August 1983.
"Influencing Multinational Corporations: the Infant
Formula Controversy," by Barbara C. Hewson in International Law and Politics 10:125
[1979-1980].
"The Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility and
Its Campaign Against Marketing Infant Formula in the Third
World," by M. David Erman and William H. Clements II in Social Problems 32:2 (December
1984).
Investigation Sobre la Lactancia
Materna y el Mercadeo de la Leche en Polvo, May
1981.
"Late Infantile Tetany and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
in Infants Fed Humanized Cow Milk Formula," by Pankaja S.
Venkataraman, et al in American Journal of Diseases in
Children 139:7 (July 1985).
The Nestlé Controversy--Anatomy of
a Boycott, by John A. Sparks, Public Policy Education
Fund, Inc., undated.
The New Activism and the
Corporation, by Ray Amara and Gregory Schmid, October
1981.
The Place of Artificial Feeding in
Africa, statement by Adeoye Adeniyi, M.D., D.C.H.,
senior consultant in pediatrics, University College Hospital,
Ibadan, Nigeria, undated.
"Politics and Baby Formula in the Third World," by Ernest
W. Lefever in Wall Street Journal,
January 14, 1981.
Post, James E.: Articles, undated and
1977-1985.
144.B.14.13B
4
The Promotion of Bottle Feeding By
Multinational Corporations: How Advertising and the Health
Professions Have Contributed, by Ted Greiner,
1975.
"The Recent Trend in Breast-feeding," by Gilbert A.
Martinez and John P. Nalezienski in Pediatrics 64:5 (November 5, 1979).
Recommendations for Research on the
Relationship Between Infant Mortality and Infant Feeding in
Industrialized Countries, undated.
Regulation and Education:
Strategies for Solving the Bottle Feeding Problem, by
Ted Greiner, 1977.
The Role of the Market in Infant
Nutrition: the Role of Nestlé in Infant Formula, case
study by [Tim] Kuhns, undated.
"Skim Milk in Infant Feeding," by S. J. Fomon, et al in Acta
Paeditar Scand 66 17:30 (1977).
144.B.14.14F
5
"Soy-Based Formula in the Treatment of Infantile
Diarrhea," by Rosemary D. Leake, et
al in American Journal of
Diseases of Children 126:3 (March 1974).
"A Soy Protein Formula and a Milk-Based Formula," by
August L. Jung and Stephen L. Carr in Clinical Pediatrics 16:11 (November
1977).
"Stop the Baby Milk Pushers," in New Internationalist 110 (April 1982).
The whole issue is devoted to the infant formula issue.
"A Survey of Place of Delivery, Mode of Milk Feeding and
Immunization in a Primary Health Care Center in Saudi Arabia,"
by Janet B. Thomas Elias in Saudi Medical
Journal 6:2: 169-176 (1985).
Toward an Understanding of the
Possibilities for Transformation in Multinational Conflict:
an Examination of the Nestlé Controversy, by George
A. Garland, 1982.
"Variability of Osmolality of Home Prepared Formula Milk
Samples," by T. F. Ho, et al in
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
31 (April 1985).
"The Weanling's Dilemma: Bacterial Contamination in
Traditional Gambian Weaning Foods," by M. G. M. Rowland, R. A.
E. Barrell, and R. G. Whitehead in The
Lancet, January 21, 1978.
Infant Formula Campaign, 1976-1985
144.B.14.14F
5
Campaign department.
Boston training, undated.
Model city program, 1981.
Boycott ads correspondence and preparation,
1982.
Boycott ads and posters, undated.
These items are housed in an oversized folder in box 39 of this
collection.
Pressure campaign, October-November 1982.
Taster's Choice boycott:
Campaign plan, January-June 1983, undated and
1982-1983.
Magazine and other print ads, undated and
1983.
TV ad mock-up, 1983.
This file is located in box 39.
Consumer Action Boycott (CAB) plan.
Notes, goals, and planning, undated and
1982.
Campaign center development, 1981-1982.
Campaign center program, undated.
Campaign center: Chicago, Illinois,
1982-1983.
Campaign center: Minneapolis, Minnesota,
1984.
Campaign center: New York City, New York,
1982.
Funding and strategy, undated and
1982-1984.
Nestlé product listing and revenue information,
undated and [1982].
Training, San Francisco, California, June 19-20,
1982.
Training, Spring 1983.
144.B.14.14F
5
Campaign activities.
Boycott ads in Mother Jones
magazine, 1977-1978.
Boycott Nestlé Halloween rally, October 31,
1981.
Breastfeeding promotion film by Mike Tomlinson,
1983.
Breast feeding promotional literature, undated and
1981.
Campaign in England, undated and 1981.
See also: First World Activism: England (box 10), Baby Milk
Action Coalition (BMAC) (box 26), and War on Want files (box
36).
Company policies on WHO code and formula marketing,
1984-1985.
Criteria for the Nestlé boycott demands,
1979.
Events and announcements, 1977-1980.
International response to WHA 35.26 Resolution Concerning
WHO Code, 1982.
144.B.14.14F
5
International petition drive.
Petition drive mailing, February 18,
1983.
Petition tally, 1983.
Petition delivery, Washington, D.C., December 15,
1983.
International twinning program.
The twinning program's purpose was to pair a Third World boycott
or consumer awareness group with a U.S. action group in order to
facilitate information sharing and give material and financial
support to the Third World group.
Twinning, 1984.
Regasmuni-Denver Justice and Peace Commission paired,
1985-1986.
Joint MIT-Harvard seminar on international food and
nutrition problems, April 14, 1980.
Postcard campaign against formula companies.
Abbot/Ross Laboratories, 1984.
American Home Products, 1984.
Bristol-Meyers, 1984.
Publications using our photographs, 1983.
Response to Nestlé, October 1982.
INFACT response to the initial Nestlé instructions in compliance
with the WHO code.
Solicitation to the National Association of College and
University Food Services (NACUFS) to participate in the boycott,
1978.
Stouffer's campaign, 1980.
Stouffer's advertisements and pamphlets, undated and
1979-1981.
Summaries on formula promotion, 1979-1980.
144.B.14.14F
5
Campaign packets.
Information and activity packets sent to interested persons or
groups. The packet provided information on "bottle baby" disease,
the boycott, and contact numbers. Some packets solicited picket
participation or community outreach for the INFACT campaign.
Packet contents, pre-1980, undated and
1976-1979.
This file's original title was: educational resources.
Action Group Coordinator notebook, 1983.
Campus action packet, undated and 1979, 1981.
Clip Nestlé Quick packet, undated.
Endorser notebook, Summer 1983-Spring 1984.
Fall campaign packet, 1980.
Requests for fall campaign packet, 1980.
IBFAN's "Breast Is Best" action packet,
1982-1983.
Infant formula action packet, undated.
Requests for boycott action packet and Taster's Choice
bumper stickers, etc., 1982-1983.
INCB/INFACT/ICCR action pack, November 1985.
Nestlé boycott organizer training packet,
1982.
144.B.14.15B
6
Organizing a local Nestlé boycott, undated.
Picket packet, 1981.
Stouffer's and Rusty Scupper boycott packet,
1980.
Infant formula issue awareness/boycott promotion
material:
Flyers, brochures, and mailings and other items for distribution.
This material is similar to the contents of the campaign packets and
some items are identical. These items were probably meant to be
dispersed as single items or small mailings.
Mailing list coding system, 1980.
Action alert mailing, March 26, 1981.
Boycott materials in French, undated and
1980-1981.
Boycott materials in Spanish, undated and
1981-1983.
Boycott songs and poems, undated and
1979-1980.
Educating on the issue, 1981.
Film lists, undated.
National list of groups owning infant formula issue films.
Office [form] letters, undated and 1978-1979.
Political cartoons supporting the boycott/infant formula
issue, 1981.
Resource list: Text and audio/visual materials,
1979-1980.
Outreach mailings, 1979-1983.
2 folders.
"Source material," undated and 1980-1984.
3 folders.
These three folders contain flyers, brochures, and mailings and
other items. Its title "source material" does not indicate that
it is data or research information.
Grassroots, 1976-1986
These files record INFACT's network and activist base. Most of these
files solicit support and endorsement of INFACT and its cause, but don't
necessarily solicit funds. The distinction between a boycott supporting
group and a boycott endorsing group is not completely clear in these
files. The dates and names within each category overlap. It is
reasonable to assume that endorsement was a more serious level of
commitment to the INFACT campaign. Endorsers were listed as such in
advertisements, flyers, and on some letterhead.
144.B.14.15B
6
Action Groups:
These are local groups promoting and participating in the Nestlé
boycott and infant formula campaign. Some are formalized branches of
INFACT while others are independent groups acting in INFACT's
interest.
Action groups, 1982.
Correspondence, 1983-1984.
2 folders.
"Excitement Sharing," 1983.
Updates from action groups on the petition drive and other
successful boycott activities.
Mailings, 1983-1984.
Packet additions for action groups, 1983.
Potential action groups (Taster's Choice campaign),
1983.
Report (Taster's Choice campaign), 1983.
Survey, 1982.
Action groups:
Arlington INFACT (Arlington, Texas),
1983-1984.
Baltimore Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC)
(Baltimore, Maryland), 1982-1984.
Boston INFACT (Boston, Massachusetts):
1979, 1986.
123.E.12.7B
Organizational and publicity materials,
undated, 1978-1981.
Includes artist’s rendering for Boston chapter logo.
Posters and photographs,
undated.
United Church of Christ boycott materials,
1978-1984.
2 folders.
Correspondence, flyers, resolutions, and printed material
relating to the campaign, principally organized by Lois
Happe, to garner support from New England United Church
of Christ congregations.
Lois Happe. “Strategy for Continued Participation
in the Infant Formula Campaign,”
February 9, 1981.
aper written for an Ethics and the Modern Corporation
university class.
Lois Happe’s workbooks,
undated.
2 volumes in 2 folders.
Notebooks maintained by Happe during her Boston INFACT
campaigns containing notes of individuals contacted,
meetings attended, and strategy sessions.
Published materials,
1975-1984.
2 folders.
Includes assorted articles, serials, and near-print items
concerning baby formula. Some of these items may be
duplicated in the main collection of ACA records.
[0.6 cubic feet empty, letter
size]
144.B.14.15B
California action groups, 1983-1984.
Capital District INFACT (Albany, New York),
1983.
Cincinnati INFACT (Cincinnati, Ohio),
1981.
Cleveland INFACT Coalition (Cleveland, Ohio),
1982-1984.
144.B.14.15B
6
Denver Justice and Peace Committee (Denver,
Colorado), 1982-1984.
Friends of the Third World (Fort Wayne, Indiana),
1981.
INFACT Canada, 1980-1984.
Iowa City INFACT (Iowa City, Iowa), 1982.
Minnesota action groups, 1983-1984.
New York action groups, 1984.
North Carolina INFACT, 1981-1983.
Oak Park Chapter INFACT (Oak Park, Illinois),
1983.
Ohio Public Interest Research Group (OPIRG)
(Columbus, Ohio), 1982-1983.
Peoria Chapter INFACT (Peoria, Illinois),
1982-1984.
Philadelphia Action Group (Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania), 1984.
Portland INFACT (Portland, Oregon), 1979-1981.
2 folders.
Washington Association of Churches (Washington),
1982-1984.
Wyeth Watchers (Burlington, Vermont),
1982-1984.
Boycott supporters:
Addresses, undated.
Supporters correspondence:
Supporters with a limited quantity of correspondence are filed
together in alphabetical order.
A-K, 1980-1981.
144.B.14.16F
7
L-Z, 1980-1981.
Supporters files:
American Association of Evangelical Students (AAES),
1979.
American Federation of Teachers (AFT),
1982-1983.
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC),
1980-1981.
American Lutheran Church and Evangelical Lutheran
Church, 1982.
American Public Health Association (APHA),
1981-1983.
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
1981-1982.
Biohazards Action Network, undated and
1981.
Boycott Census (Norway, Maine),
1978-1981.
Business International,
1980-1981.
Catholic contacts, 1978-1983.
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI),
undated and 1980.
Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC) (New York, New
York), 1977-1978.
Colleges, 1979-1980.
Community Nutrition Institute (CNI),
1981.
Consumer Federation of America, undated and 1979,
1984, 1989.
Coordinating Council for Hunger Concerns (CCHC),
1979.
Episcopal, 1981-1982.
Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC),
1978-1979.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations: World Food Day, 1981.
Food cooperatives, 1979-1980.
Foundation for Public Affairs, 1984.
144.B.14.16F
7
Heritage foundations, 1983-1986.
Hesperian Foundation, 1981.
Human Lactation Center, Ltd., 1978-1979.
Institute for Food and Development Policy,
1979.
International Childbirth Education Association
(ICEA), 1978-1980.
International Nutrition Communication Service (INCS),
1980.
International Union of Food and Allied Workers'
Association (IUF) Nestlé data, 1979-1980.
International Voluntary Services, Inc.,
1980.
International Women's Tribune Center, Inc.,
1980-1982.
Interreligious Task Force on U.S. Food Policy,
undated.
Investor Responsibility Research Center, Inc. (IRRC),
1981.
ICCR report on shareholder resolution presented to
Carnation.
144.B.14.16F
7
Janeway Child Health Centre/Elizabeth Hillman
(Newfoundland, Canada), 1979-1981.
Jewish contacts, 1979-1980.
La Leche League International, 1981-1985.
Marianists, 1984.
Maryknoll Justice and Peace Office,
1978-1981.
Medical, 1978-1980.
Missionaries' statements, undated and
1980-1981.
National Council on International Health (NCIH),
1980-1984.
National and International Coalitions for Development
Action (NCDA/ICDA), 1979-1981.
National Education Association (NEA),
1980-1984.
National Family Planning and Reproductive Health
Association, Inc., 1979-1981.
Newman Center (University of Minnesota),
1977-1982.
Old contacts: Worth a letter, November
1978.
Peace Corps, 1978-1979.
Planned Parenthood of America, 1978-1983.
Presbyterian Hunger Program, 1984.
Public Advocates, Inc.,1981.
Public Policy Education Fund, Inc.,
1978-1981.
Resources in Human Nurturing International,
1978-1979.
Right to life groups, undated.
Unions: Various, 1979-1980.
United Methodist Church, 1980-1983.
Methodist Church's Infant Formula Task Force Dialogue With
Nestlé.
144.B.15.1B
8
United Presbyterian Church, 1980-1984.
Women In Communications, Inc., 1981.
World Neighbors, 1980.
World Peace Through Law Center,
1977-1981.
Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA),
1978-1982.
Boycott endorsers:
Endorsers master list, undated and 1979.
Celebrity endorsement of INFACT and the Nestlé boycott,
1979-1983.
2 folders.
Endorsing individuals, 1980.
Endorser inventory, [1980-1981].
Endorser involvement, 1983-1984.
Endorser list procedures and updating, 1980.
Endorser mailing, undated.
Endorser questionnaire, undated.
Charles Mingle's endorsement reports, 1980,
1982.
Recruiting new endorsers, undated and 1980.
New endorser thank-you letter, 1980-1981.
Endorsers, A-Z, 1979-1983.
Endorsers with a limited quantity of correspondence are filed
together in alphabetical order.
Endorsers files:
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union
(ACTWU), 1979-1982.
Ambulatory Pediatrics Association,
1979-1983.
American Baptist Church, 1978-1984.
American Federation of Labor/Congress of Industrial
Organizations (AFL-CIO), 1979-1983.
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal
Employees (AFSCME), 1979-1984.
American Federation of Teachers (AFT),
1982-1983.
American Library Association (ALA),
1978-1984.
American Lutheran Church (ALC),
1978-1983.
American Medical Student Association Foundation
(AMSA), 1982-1984.
144.B.15.1B
8
American Nurses Association (ANA),
1979-1981.
American Public Health Association (APHA),
1981-1983.
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA),
1983.
Baptist, 1982.
B'nai B'rith, 1980-1982.
Campus endorsers, 1977-1982.
2 folders.
Canadian endorsers, 1979-1980.
Catholic orders, 1978-1981.
Childbirth Without Pain Education Association,
1980-1981.
Children's Rights, Inc., 1980-1982.
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ),
1978-1981.
Church Women United, 1978-1979.
Church of the Brethren, 1979-1982.
Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC),
1982-1983.
Democratic National Committee (DNC),
1982.
Episcopal, 1979-1982.
Evangelicals for Social Action (ESA),
1983-1984.
Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC),
1980-1983.
Graphic Arts International Union,
1982-1984.
Gray Panthers, 1979-1980.
Hotel and Restaurant Employees International Union,
1981-1982.
Hunger Project, 1980-1981.
Institute for Development Anthropology (IDA),
1981.
International Childbirth Education Association
(ICEA), 1982-1985.
International Federation of Professional and
Technical Engineers (IFPTE), 1982-1983.
Interreligious Task Force on U.S. Food Policy,
1978-1981.
Jewish endorsements, 1979-1980
144.B.15.2F
9
La Leche League, 1977-1982.
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC),
1982-1984.
Marianists, 1979-1980.
Maryknoll Justice and Peace Office,
1978-1979.
Mennonite, 1980-1983.
National Association of Women Religious (NAWR),
1978-1980.
National Council of Churches (NCC), 1978.
National Council for International Health (NCIH),
1980.
National Education Association (NEA),
1980-1983.
National Organization for Women (NOW),
1978-1983.
National Women's Health Network,
1977-1983.
National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC),
1979-1983.
The Newspaper Guild (TNG), 1980-1983.
Pennsylvania Federated Women's Clubs,
1980-1982.
Public Interest Groups (PIRG), [1981].
Regional nurses associations, 1979-1983.
Service Employees International Union (SEIU),
1982-1984.
144.B.15.2F
9
United Auto Workers (UAW), 1979-1984.
United Farm Workers of America (UFW),
1978-1983.
United Food and Commercial Workers International
Union (UFCW), 1979-1982.
United Methodist Church, 1978-1980.
2 folders.
United Presbyterian Church, 1978-1984.
United States Catholic Mission Council,
1978-1980.
United Steelworkers of America,
1979-1982.
Women for Racial and Economic Equality (WREE),
1982.
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom,
1979-1985.
Grassroots correspondence:
Consumer letters to Nestlé in support of the boycott,
1978-1980.
2 folders.
Individuals regarding Nestlé boycott,
1977-1984.
Groups regarding Nestlé boycott, 1979-1985.
"Crazies," 1979-1981.
144.B.15.3B
10
School project, undated.
School project sent to INFACT by a student.
First world activism:
Australia, 1976-1984.
2 folders.
Belgium, 1980-1984.
Canada, 1978-1983.
3 folders.
Denmark, 1980-1984.
England, 1980-1985.
2 folders.
Finland, undated and 1983-1986.
France, 1980-1985.
Germany, 1974-1984.
5 folders.
144.B.15.4F
11
Ireland, 1980-1984.
Italy, 1981.
Japan, 1979-1984.
2 folders.
Netherlands, 1979-1985.
New Zealand, 1980-1985.
2 folders.
Norway, undated and 1980-1981.
Spain, undated and 1979-1980.
Sweden, 1978-1981.
Switzerland, 1977-1981.
2 folders.
European Economic Community (EEC), 1980-1985.
Monitoring Infant Formula Manufacturers, 1970-1989
INFACT collected data on infant formula promotion throughout the world,
both before and after the creation of the WHO code. The pre-code files
are called "Research" and the post-code files are called "Monitoring"
files. Both contain correspondence from travelers, missionaries,
researchers, and residents. There are notes from researchers,
photographs, advertisements, packaging samples, and other items which
document infant formula promotion and infant illnesses and deaths
connected with bottle feeding. The most extensive files are those for
Malaysia and the Philippines.
144.B.15.4F
11
Research:
Africa and East India: Doug Clement's report, November
21, 1979.
Asia and South East Asia data, 1976-1979.
Latin America data, undated and 1979.
Infant formula promotion, 1978-1979.
Research solicitation letter, September 1979.
Research outlines, undated and 1979-1980.
Third World research:
Algeria, 1978, 1981-1983.
Bahrain, 1986.
Bangladesh, 1980-1984.
Barbados, undated.
Bolivia, 1981-1983.
Botswana, 1976-1983.
Brazil, 1979-1986.
2 folders.
Burma, 1976.
144.B.15.5B
12
China, 1981.
Columbia, 1981.
Costa Rica,1978-1984.
2 folders.
Dominican Republic, 1980-1981, 1986.
Ecuador, 1982-1985.
Egypt, 1980-1981.
El Salvador, 1978-1983.
Ethiopia, 1981, 1986.
Fiji, 1980-1985.
Greece, 1981.
Grenada, 1981.
Guadeloupe, 1983.
Guatemala, 1978-1983.
2 folders.
Haiti, 1981-1985.
Honduras, 1980-1986.
Hong Kong, 1978-1981, 1985.
India, 1976-1985.
2 folders.
Indonesia, 1979-1983.
2 folders.
Iran, undated.
Kenya, 1977-1985.
2 folders.
Korea, 1976-1986.
Lesotho, 1979-1982.
Liberia, 1978-1983.
144.B.15.6F
13
Libya, 1980.
Madagascar, 1979.
Malawi, 1977, 1982.
Malaysia, 1978-1983.
7 folders.
Martinique, undated and 1978-1980.
Mauritius, 1985.
Mexico, 1978-1985.
3 folders.
Mozambique, 1980-1983.
Nepal, 1980-1984.
Nicaragua, undated and 1980-1986.
2 folders.
Pakistan, 1981-1982.
Panama, undated and 1978-1982.
3 folders.
144.B.15.7B
14
Papua New Guinea, 1986-1980.
Peru, 1978-1984.
2 folders.
Philippines, undated and 1980-1986.
7 folders.
Rwanda, 1980.
Saint Lucia, 1983.
Saint Vincent, undated and 1976.
Singapore, 1978-1982.
2 folders.
South Africa, 1979-1983.
2 folders.
Sri Lanka, 1980-1985.
Taiwan, 1980, 1984.
Tanzania, 1979-1983.
3 folders.
144.B.15.8F
15
Thailand, 1979-1985.
2 folders.
Tonga, 1982-1983.
Tunisia, 1980, 1983.
Turkey, 1980-1981.
Uganda, 1978-1985.
Upper Volta, 1980-1981.
Uruguay, 1977.
Venezuela, 1977.
Western Samoa, 1978-1982.
Yemen Arab Republic, 1978-1982.
Zimbabwe, 1980-1984.
Ted Greiner file, 1970-1978, 1985.
Multi-county and general information, undated and
1979-1983.
Notebook kept by Doug Clement on Nigeria, South Africa,
Tanzania, and Kenya, 1977-1978.
142.E.8.6
39
Photographs:
These photographs are housed in a gray hollinger box within box 39.
Most are black and white photographs recording the promotion of
infant formula and effects of malnutrition and disease resulting
from improperly used formula--"baby bottle disease." Infant formula
promotion can be seen in the form of billboards, posters and
pamphlets, infant formula "milk nurses" and "mothercraft nurses,"
and stores and store fronts selling infant formulas. The effects are
seen in images of mothers and ill or starving children affected by
infant formula misuse. There are also images of U.S. activists,
boycott rallies, and grassroots promotion of breastfeeding.
The numbering system for the photos was developed by INFACT. Most
photographs date from 1977 to 1982 and thus overlap the "research"
and "monitoring" subseries. A significant number of these
photographs have traumatic content. Images with significant impact
are: #115-5, 117-unnumbered: Nestlé billboard; #211-12, 13, and 14
and loose photo #130-27 Mother holding infant.
101 Nestlé milk nurses:
101-2 Milk nurse demonstrating formula preparation
(Kenya), undated.
101-3 Milk nurse/mothercraft nurse giving
demonstration, undated.
142.E.8.6
39
101-4 Nutritional demonstration education in a
hospital-based nutrition rehabilitation center (Haiti),
undated.
101-5 Two nurses with pictures of babies cut out of
Gerber posters, Hospital Maternal Carit (San Jose, Costa
Rica) January 4, 1982.
103 Promotion to medical personnel:
103-1 Nestlé logo on zippered bag for [unreadable
title] 10th annual conference, January 9, 1979.
103-3 AHP/Wyeth satchel (Legaspi City, Philippines),
1977
103-4 Nestlé "Nan" cart for distribution of baby
bottles, maternity ward, Aga Khan Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya),
August 1979.
103-5 to 103-10 American Academy of Pediatrics
Conference:
103-5 Buffet line, undated.
103-6 Hotel lobby with sign: "Ross Welcomes AAP,"
undated.
103-7 AAP information center with water glasses
bearing Ross logo, undated.
103-8 Ross Laboratories ice cream cone booth,
undated.
103-9 Wyeth information booth,
undated.
103-10 "AAP: Service to Children for 50 Years"
sign with Ross logo underneath, undated.
103-11 Infant scale with SMA and S-26 logos, nursery,
Makati Medical Center (Manila, Philippines), March 18,
1982.
103-12 Medical representatives, Cardinal Santos
Hospital (Manila, Philippines), March 18, 1982.
103-13 Feeding bottles (one with S-26 logo),
(Singapore), October 1982.
103-14 Crib with Nestlé logo in pediatrician's office
(Singapore), October 1982.
103-15 Infant scale with Nestlé logo (Singapore),
October 1982.
Unnumbered:
Nestlé "Nan" cart, Aga Khan Hospital (Nairobi,
Kenya) August 1979.
3 images of Nestlé ads in magazines (South
Africa), 1979.
"Dumex Babies" calendar (Malaysia),
1980.
142.E.8.6
39
107 Free Samples:
107-1 Similac free sample kit, Aga Khan Hospital
(Nairobi, Kenya), August 1979.
107-2 Cow & Gate gift pack for mothers,
undated.
107-3 A rural mother poses with Dumex tin received
free at a government clinic (Malaysia), March
1981.
107-5 Samples of infant formula given to one
maternity home (Malaysia), February 1981.
107-6 Free sample kit, Aga Khan Hospital (Nairobi,
Kenya), August 1979.
107-7 Nurse in hospital formula room where they keep
free samples (Philippines), Summer, 1977.
107-10 Free samples, nursery, Makati Medical Center
(Manila, Philippines), March 18, 1982.
107-11 & 12 Bags of powered milk, health center
at Don Bosco (Panama City, Panama), January 11,
1982.
107-13 Free samples ([Bakdung], Indonesia), October
1982.
107-14 Free samples [bib] (Philippines), October
1982.
111 Displayable printed materials:
111-2 Baby's progress chart, maternity unit, Arusha
Regional Hospital (Arusha, Tanzania), July 1979.
111-4 Nestlé, Abbot, and Wyeth Posters, maternity
ward, Aga Khan Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya), August
1979.
111-5 Dumex baby food posters in front of a village
sundry shop in the rural areas (Malaysia),
undated.
111-7 Nestlé posters and cards, 1980.
111-8 Nestlé poster, Social Security Hospital
(Tegucigalpa, Honduras), August 1980.
The other print of this image was dated 1981.
111-9 Poster next to cribs, undated.
111-10, 49, & 50 Nestlé-Guigoz posters, Calmette
Dispensaire (Fort-de-France, Martinique), April
1980.
111-12 Nestlé cereal feeding poster,
undated.
111-13 & 14 Nestlé products calendars,
1979.
111-15 Nestlé formula poster, maternity ward
(Nairobi, Kenya), August 1979.
111-16 Nestlé formula and cereal poster,
undated.
111-17 Nestlé poster in maternity ward (Nairobi,
Kenya), August 1979.
111-18 & 19 Nestlé calendar with photo of
breastfeeding Filipino woman (Malaybalay, Philippines),
September 1979.
142.E.8.6
39
111-21 Nestlé spoon feeding cereals preparation
poster, undated.
111-23 Nestlé poster hanging on shelves,
[1972].
111-24 Nestlé formula preparation folder,
undated.
111-25 Samples and posters, Tegucigalpa Policlinica
(Tegucigalpa, Honduras), August 1980.
111-30 Bebelac poster in pharmacy window (Port au
Prince, Haiti), April 1980.
111-31 Similac poster in pharmacy (Port of Spain,
Trinidad), April 1980.
111-32 SMA poster, maternity ward, Trinite Hospital
(Trinite, Martinique), April 1980.
111-32 (2nd image) Latin American woman carrying
child and bottle, undated.
111-33 KLIM poster, Park Maternity Home (Port of
Spain, Trinidad), April 1980.
111-33 (2nd image) shelves with infant formula tins,
undated.
111-34 Ostermilk and Farex stickers on doors,
undated.
111-35 & 36 S-26 Poster in maternity ward, Aga
Khan Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya), August 25, 1979.
111-37 Wyeth's S-26, SMA and "Mother's Love" poster,
maternity ward, Aga Khan Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya), August
1979.
111-39 Similac "Babies Will be Shown At" clock,
maternity ward, M. P. Shah Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya), August
1979.
111-41 Ostermilk and Farley's calendar/poster,
Pumwani Maternity Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya), August
1979.
111-43 & 44 "Dumex Babies" calendar (Malaysia),
April 1980.
111-45 & 46 Wyeth's SMA poster, Princess Marina
Hospital (Gaborone, Botswana), September 1979.
111-47 Wyeth infant development chart,
undated.
111-48 SMA poster, maternity ward, Trinite Hospital
(Trinite, Martinique), April 1980.
111-51 & 52 Nan brochure given to nurses at
Malaysian government clinic (Penang, Malaysia), March 13,
1982.
111-53 & 61 Formula tins and thermometer with
S-26 logo, nursery, Doctor's Hospital (San Pablo, outside
Manila, [Malaysia]), February 22, 1982.
111-54 Nestlé calendar, Balik [Puloc?] District
Hospital, (Penang, Malaysia), March 11, 1982.
142.E.8.6
39
111-55 Wyeth poster, nursery, Saint Luke's Hospital
(Manila, Malaysia), March 17, 1982.
111-56 Wyeth decals on nursery doors, UERM Hospital
(Manila, Malaysia), March 17, 1982.
111-57 Gerber decal on nursery window, UERM Hospital
(Manila, Malaysia), March 13, 1982.
111-58 & 59 Nestlé posters, State Health Center
Nueva (San Miguelito, Panama), January 11, 1982.
Posters presented by Nestlé medical representative.
111-60 & 61 Nestlé bottle feeding instructions
poster, nursery, Saint Luke's Hospital (Manila, Malaysia),
March 13, 1982.
111-62 Nestlé "How to Bathe Baby" instruction poster,
nursery, Doctor's Hospital (San Pablo, Malaysia), March 22,
1982.
111-64 Nestlé feeding baby poster, nursery, Doctor's
Hospital (San Pablo, Malaysia), March 22, 1982.
111-66 to 70 Formula posters, [1981].
Reverse annotated: "From CPP. Probably from Taiwan"
111-71 to 73 Point of sale advertising: Violation of
Code, Article 5, Para 5.2. (Mires, Crete, Greece), September
20, 1981.
111-75 Morinaga poster, nurses station weighing room,
Hospital Clinica Biblica (San Jose, Costa Rica), January 5,
1982.
111-76 & 77 Breastfeeding promotion posters,
Health Center Don Bosco (San Miguelito, Panama) January 11,
1982.
111-78 to 80 Diarrhea information posters, oral
rehydration ward, Hospital Velez Paiz (Managua, Nicaragua),
January 14, 1982.
111-81 Community health class poster, Health Center,
Don Bosco (San Miguelito, Panama), January 11,
1982.
111-83 Breastfeeding promotion poster, Health Center,
Don Bosco (San Miguelito, Panama), January 11,
1982.
142.E.8.6
39
111-84 to 86 Mead Johnson "A Gift of Love" poster at
three locations: nursery, Children's Hospital (Bangkok,
Thailand), March 24, 1982; delivery room, Our Lady of
Lourdes Hospital (Manila, Philippines), March 17, 1982; and
nursery, De Los Santos Hospital (Manila, Philippines), March
17, 1982.
111-87 & 88 Baby posters with company logos,
Christian Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand), March 24,
1982.
111-89 Nestlé baby poster, nursery, Saint Luke's
Hospital (Manila, Philippines), March 17, 1982.
111-91 Meiji poster, Children's Hospital (Bangkok,
Thailand), March 24, 1982.
111-92 Nestlé toddler poster, government clinic
(Penang, Malaysia), March 12, 1983.
111-93 Nestlé breastfeeding poster, maternity ward,
Hospital Velez Paiz (Managua, Nicaragua), January 14,
1982.
111-97 Enfamil poster, maternity ward, Hospital
Clinica Biblica (San Jose, Costa Rica), January 6,
1982.
111-98 Head Nutritionist sitting at her desk with
breastfeeding poster on the wall behind her, Hospital de
Ninos (Panama City, Panama), January 8, 1982.
111-99 & 100 Nogalda salesperson promoting
Nogalda weaning foods to mothers in the pharmacy of the
Hospital Clinica Biblica (San Jose, Costa Rica), January 7,
1982.
111-101 Enfamil poster, maternity ward, Hospital
Clinica Biblica (San Jose, Costa Rica), January 6,
1982.
111-102 Nestlé breastfeeding instruction poster with
Nestlé name cut off [the bottom], Hospital de Ninos (Panama
City, Panama), January 8, 1982.
111-103 "The Gerber Baby" poster, maternity ward,
Hospital Clinica Biblica (San Jose, Costa Rica), January 6,
1982.
111-104 Baby poster with rewriting over brand logo
"como se ven los ninos con la leche materna" hanging over
picture of bottle feeding [chimpanzee?] with added script
"como se cambian con el chupon," undated.
142.E.8.6
39
111-105 & 106 Infant feeding instructions flip
chart, oral rehydration ward, Hospital Velez Paiz (Managua,
Nicaragua), January 14, 1982.
111-107 to 109 Nestlé baby pictures on wall, waiting
room, pediatrician's office (Panama City, Panama), January
11, 1982.
111-110 Nestlé baby picture hanging above a poster
for a "National Seminar on Breastfeeding and Maternal Infant
Nutrition," pediatrician's office (Panama City, Panama),
January 11, 1982.
111-112 Breastfeeding poster and Nestlé poster
adjacent to each other, oral rehydration ward, Hospital
Velez Paiz (Managua, Nicaragua), January 14,
1982.
111-114 Nestlé bottle feeding instruction poster,
maternity ward, Hospital Velez Paiz (Managua, Nicaragua),
January 14, 1982.
111-115 Nestlé baby poster, rehydration ward,
Hospital Velez Paiz (Managua, Nicaragua) January 14,
1982.
111-117 Woman holding infant hospitalized in oral
rehydration ward, Hospital Velez Paiz (Managua, Nicaragua),
January 14, 1982.
111-119 UNICEF breastfeeding poster, maternity ward,
Heredia Hospital (Heredia, Costa Rica), January 6,
1982.
111-120 "Prevent Gastro" poster, Gastroenteritis
Clinic, Port-of-Spain General Hospital (Port-of-Spain,
Trinidad), December 1982.
111-122 Wyeth SMA and S-26 infant development poster,
government clinic (New Providence, Bahamas), December
1982.
111-123 Wyeth SMA and S-26 poster and shelf with free
samples (Denpasan, Indonesia), October 1982.
111-124 Nestlé height chart, clinic (Singapore),
October 1982.
111-125 Nutricia Holland calendar (Indonesia),
October 1982.
111-126 Morinaga poster (Indonesia), October
1982.
111-127 & 128 Pt. Sari Husada poster/calendar
(Indonesia), 1982
111-129 Nestlé baby poster, pediatrician's office
(Singapore), October 1982.
142.E.8.6
39
Unnumbered:
Similac "The Mother's Creed" poster, Pumwani
Maternity Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya), [1980].
"Nestlé Products are Good for Your Family"
calendar showing infant formula and weaning foods,
grocery store (Plumtree, Zimbabwe), September
1979.
"Healthy, Happy, . . . and Protected by Similac"
poster, delivery room, Maklati Medical Center (Manila,
Philippines), March 18, 1982.
SMA poster above coat hooks, Ante-natal Clinic,
Princess Marina Hospital (Gaborone, Botswana), September
1979.
115 Product display and warehouses:
115-1 & 2 Nestlé products on store shelves
(Tanzania), August 1979.
115-3 & 4 Store interior with stacks of formula
tins (Phnom Penh, Cambodia), January 1981.
115-5 Man [shop owner] standing in doorway next to
stacks of formula shipping boxes; can see formula tins on
shop window shelves, September 1980.
115-6 & 10 SMA and S-26 on display with pet food,
cigarettes, and Nestlé's chocolates, undated.
115-7 to 9 & 28 Infant formula and weaning food
on store shelves, undated.
115-11 Cartons of Bebelac, undated.
115-14 Warehouse shelves of formula and dried milk,
undated.
115-17, 18, & 41 Vendor stand in front of
University Teaching Hospital (Kaduna, Nigeria), October
1980.
115-19 Shop (Kaduna, Nigeria), October
1980.
115-20 Village market stall (Mapuca, Goa, India),
January 1981.
115-21 Store, undated.
115-22 Nestlé Nesbrun on display with local price,
undated.
115-24 Store shelves, undated.
115-26 & 35 Tins on display, Enugu market
(Nigeria), November 1980.
115-27 Cupboard filled with formula tins,
undated.
115-30, 32 to 34 Tins on display, Kaduna market
(Kaduna, Nigeria), October 1980.
142.E.8.6
39
115-36 to 40 Tins on display, Lome Market (Republic
of Togo), October 1980.
115-44, 46, 47, 49 Warehouse--pallets of tins, boxes,
and bags, undated.
115-48 Provision store with Lactogen, Nan, and
Cerelac. (Mathare Valley, Nairobi, Kenya), August 21, 1979.
115-50 to 52 Three store interiors,
undated.
115-53-55, 58, 60, 64,67-69, 71, 72, 79, 80, 82
Stores and markets selling infant formula (Bogarga, Davao
Oriental, Mindanao, Philippines), April 10-14,
1979.
Many store names or locations identified.
115-62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 81 Stores and markets selling
infant formula (Caroga, Davo Oriental, Mindanao,
Philippines), April 10-14, 1979.
Many store names or locations identified.
115-56, 57, 59, 61, 78 Stores and markets selling
infant formula (Davo City, Mindanao, Philippines), April
8-10, 1979.
Many store names or locations identified.
115-73 Formula on display at Mercury Drug (Cebu City,
Cebu, Philippines), undated.
115-74 Store interior, undated.
115-75 Nestlé tin cartons (Tanzania), August
1979.
115-83 Nestlé products on display (Cochabamba,
Bolivia), November 1982.
115-84 Infant formula on display (Manila,
Philippines), February 1982.
115-85, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97 Infant formula in
stores and market stalls (Surulere, Nigeria), January 20,
1983.
115-887, 88, 98, 101 Infant formula in stores and
market stalls (Lagos, Nigeria), January 20,
1983.
115-91, 95, 99 Infant formula at roadside stalls
(Aguda, Nigeria), January 20, 1983.
115-102 Supermarket (San Salvador, El Salvador),
undated.
Unnumbered:
Store and Nestlé product display (Brasilia,
Brazil), January 1984.
Wyeth promotion and SMA on display (South
Africa), September 1979.
142.E.8.6
39
117 Billboards, trucks, etc.:
117-1 Dumex Dutch Baby advertising on store-front,
Perangin Road (Penang, Malaysia), September
1980.
117-2 Dumex ads nailed on trees along road (Penang,
Malaysia), undated.
117-3 Wyeth International building,
undated.
117-5 Abbott Laboratories building (Manila,
Philippines), June 1978.
117-6 Nestlé truck (and Nescafe truck in background)
Enugu market (Nigeria), October-November 1980.
117-7 Nestlé delivery van in front of warehouse
(Panaji, Goa, India), January 1981.
117-9 & 10 Nestlé milk truck (Tiaz, Yemen Arab
Republic), February 1978.
117-11 Dutch Baby Milk products van, downtown Penang
(Penang, Malaysia), March 12, 1982.
117-12 Door painted with Nestlé Nido advertisement
(Cochabamba, Bolivia), November 1982.
117-14 Bebelac add on exterior wall, with tins on
display (Taipei, Taiwan), July 1978.
117-15, 16, 18 Store window posters for Guigoz and
Nestlé (Tunis, Tunisia), undated.
117-17 Bledilac poster (Senegal),
undated.
117-20 Vijayaspray billboard (India),
1982.
117-21 Similac ad on truck (Yemen Arab Republic),
1978.
Unnumbered: Nestlé billboard, main market square and
bus terminal (Harare Township, Rhodesia), 1977.
125 Giveaway Items:
125-1 Sign on storefront: "Free One Feeding Bottle
with Purchase of 50/= and Over," undated.
125-2 Guigoz bottle, key-ring, thread, thimble, and
[toy] bottle, undated.
125-3 "J'aime Beech-nut Baby
Food Ceral" t-shirt (Port au Prince, Haiti),
April 1980.
125-4 Nestlé Nan baby bottle and baby booklet
(Nairobi, Kenya), August 1979.
125-5 Plastic bags advertising Nestlé Lactogen
(Malaysia), April 1980.
125-6 Cow and Gate gift packet to mothers,
undated.
125-8 Materno-Infantil Hospital Milk Bank
(Tegucigalpa, Honduras), August 1980.
142.E.8.6
39
125-9 Infant in [hospital] crib with Nan birthcard
and feeding bottle (Manila, Philippines), July 6,
1977.
Unnumbered: "Free Gift for Your Baby" feeding bottle
(Mathare Valley, Nairobi, Kenya), August 1979.
211 Poverty with formula:
211-1 & 7 Children bottle feeding an infant a
mixture of maize meal, tea, and Lactogen (Mathare Valley,
Nairobi, Kenya), September 1979.
211-2 Children eating (two are being bottle fed),
undated.
211-4 Mother with an infant (bottle on table) (New
Delhi, India), April 1981.
211-8 Lactogen formula can in alley (Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania), July 1979.
211-9 Garbage pile with Nestlé cans,
undated.
211-10 Grave with Nestlé can (Brazil),
undated.
211-10 (2nd image) Baby grave with Nestlé Nido cans
(Brazil), undated.
211-11 East African woman drawing water from a
drinking well using a Nestlé Lactogen can,
undated.
211-12 Row of dirty feeding bottles,
undated.
211-13 & 14 Dirty bottle (Tanzania), July
1979.
211-16 Unhappy toddler holding Nestlé Nestogen tin,
undated.
211-20 Child's hand reaching for feeding bottle lying
in the dirt, undated.
211-21 to 23 Cliff village and its water source (Bait
el Shahathy, [Mahrveit] Province, Yemen Arab Republic),
1979.
211-24 Corrugated tin shack with Nestlé Nido tins as
planters, undated.
211-26 & 27 Cooking pots, undated.
211-29 Boys holding up tins (one is Nestlé Milo),
undated.
211-31 Tins for formula on outdoor shelf (Don Bosco,
Panama City, Panama), January 11, 1982.
211-38 Infant using bottle (Manila, Philippines),
1981-1982.
Unnumbered:
Children holding Nestlé product tins (Mathare
Valley, Nairobi, Kenya), July 1, 1979.
Girl clutching Lactogen tin (rural Kiambu,
Kenya), July 1, 1979.
142.E.8.6
39
Main market square and bus terminal (Harare
Township, Rhodesia) 1977.
Wall-mounted flower arrangement in two White Lily
brand powdered milk cans, 1974.
311 INFACT conferences:
Unidentified conference participants, May 1977.
8 images
Unidentified conference participants, INFACT Day
conference, 1978.
3 images.
Doug Johnson, INFACT conference, San Francisco,
February 1979.
Leah Margulies, INFACT conference, San Francisco,
February 1979.
Unidentified speakers and performers, INFACT
conference, San Francisco, February 1979.
8 images.
Strategy meeting, INFACT conference, San Francisco,
February 1979.
3 images.
Unidentified conference participants, INFACT
conference, San Francisco, February 1979.
10 images.
Doug Johnson, unidentified INFACT [staff or
strategy?] meeting, undated.
3 images.
Attendees, unidentified INFACT [staff or strategy?]
meeting, undated.
7 images.
351 Stouffer's demonstrators:
351-1 Rusty Scupper restaurant (Atlanta, Georgia),
undated.
351-2, 3, 5, 7 to 10, 20, 21 Stouffer's restaurant,
8th and Wabash (Chicago, Illinois), May 9, 1980.
351-13 Top of the Rockies Restaurant (Denver,
Colorado), March 10, 1979.
351-16 Food Monitor
editor, Lyn Dobrin, interviewed by Long Island, N.Y. TV
station, channel 21, April 16, 1979.
351-19 Stouffer's (Oak Park, Illinois),
undated.
367 Boston campaign center:
367-46 & 47 Activists outside grocery store,
undated.
367-51 & 69 Posters in campaign office,
undated.
367-53 to 57, 60, 61 63, 67, 71 Campaign workers in
the office, undated.
Unnumbered negatives: Picketing, office work, and
collecting signatures, undated.
142.E.8.6
39
Seitz photos:
Contact sheets/proof sheets: Advertising, hospital
sites, formula tins, infants, undated.
Negatives: Same, undated.
Some are negatives corresponding to proof sheets.
Senate hearings, May 1978:
Leah Margulies, May 1978.
2 images.
Unidentified people at the hearings, May 1978.
9 images
Doug Clement's photographs, 1989:
Filipina woman with two infants, undated.
Contact sheet # 1 (11685) infants with respiratory
and/or diarreal illness, Philippines General Hospital
(Manila, Philippines), January 1989.
Contact sheet # 2 (11690) malnourished seven-month
old infant; posters advertising baby milks, nursery of
private hospital (Manila, Philippines), January
1988.
Contact sheet # 5 (11683) free infant formula
supplies; posters; child living in slum area (Bankok,
Thailand), January 1988.
Contact sheet # 12 bottle-fed newborns, government
hospital (Karachi and Peshawar, Pakistan), February
1988.
Contact sheet # 49526 bottle-feeding; formula
supplies; malnourished children (Manila, Philippines),
October 1989.
Contact sheet # 49528 demonstrators in front of
Nestlé's headquarters (Manila, Philippines), October 12,
1989.
Contact sheet # 49529 demonstrators and BMAC and
BUNSO members in front of Nestlé headquarters (Manila,
Philippines), October 12, 1989.
Loose photographs:
Boycott poster image, [1988].
negative.
Boycott poster image, [1988].
color positive.
130-27 Mother holding infant being rehydrated
intravenously through a vein in the scalp, Jose Fabell
Memorial Hospital, March 20, 1982.
355-1 U.S. company demonstrations/AHP protest sign,
undated.
353-111 U.S. company demonstrations/AHP
demonstrations, May 1979.
142.E.8.6
39
Mead-Johnson promotional giveaway items, undated.
2 images.
Nestlé baby food in farmacia (Madrid, Spain) with
accompanying letter, 1987.
3 images.
Potential plaintiff (Rio de Oro, Chiapas, Mexico),
March 1985.
slide.
Formula advertisements and posters:
These advertisements, pamphlets, and other items were gathered from
various Third World countries between 1976 and 1985. Most advertise
Nestlé or American Home Products/Wyeth Laboratories formulas and
infant foods. They are housed in three oversized folders within a
flat box inside box 39.
Nestlé advertisements and packaging,
1976-1984.
American Home Products/Wyeth Laboratories,
1984.
Other formula brands and baby products advertisements,
undated and 1979-1985.
Includes Gerber, Dumex, Mead-Johnson, Playtex, and Evenflo print
advertisements.
144.B.15.2F
9
Monitoring:
International application of the WHO code:
Australia, 1983.
Bangladesh, 1984.
Costa Rica, June 1984.
Ecuador, 1983, 1985.
England, December 1982.
Guatemala, April 1984.
India, December 1983.
Kenya, October 1983.
Malaysia, April 1983.
Mexico, 1982-1984, 1988.
Nigeria, undated.
Peru, September 10, 1982.
Philippines, undated.
Saudi Arabia, undated.
Sri Lanka, 1983.
Venezuela, 1983.
Yugoslavia, June 1980.
Zimbabwe, January 1983.
144.B.15.2F
9
Monitoring investigation procedures:
procedures in English, Spanish, and French, undated
and 1983.
Breastfeeding questionnaire for pediatricians,
undated.
Monitoring 1980-1983:
Minnesota hospital survey, undated.
Code violations, 1980-1983.
Code violations by company:
A-M, 1982-1983.
Nestlé, 1982-1983.
N-Z, 1982-1983.
Code violations by country [region], 1982-1983.
2 folders.
Monitoring 1983:
Seitz reports:
Ruth Seitz was contracted to gather examples of infant
formula promotional materials and complete monitoring
interviews and reports in several Third World locations
during 1983.
Hong Kong, 1983.
Malaysia, 1983.
One pocket-size packet of facial tissue advertising
Wyeth's product Promil oral contraceptive was removed
from this file and is housed in an envelope in box
39.
Philippines, 1983.
Singapore, 1983.
Thailand, 1983.
One Lactogen tin lid with code violating label was
removed from this file and is housed in an envelope
within box 39.
Results of Seitz monitoring,
1983-1984.
Funding proposal to the Columbia Foundation, February
22, 1983.
Mennonite central committee monitoring reports,
1983.
144.B.15.9B
16
Monitoring 1984:
Country summaries, 1984.
Latin American reports, 1984.
"Methodist's reports," 1984.
Research Report on Infant Formula Marketing Practice
Adherence to the International Code to the General Board of
Church and Society of the United Methodist Church.
Mexican monitoring data, 1984.
"Monitoring Report of the Infant Foods Industry,"
1984.
Monitoring report follow-up letter to donors, undated
and 1984.
National church proposals, 1984.
Fund raising letters to support the monitoring programs.
144.B.15.9B
16
Nestlé monitoring proposal, 1984.
Proposal regional endorsers, 1984.
"Research Report on Infant Formula Marketing Practice
Adherence to International Code" by Douglas W. Johnson,
August 15, 1984.
Carol-Linnea Salmon's monitoring files:
Downs, Chip, 1984.
Local groups, 1984.
"Monitoring Report," July-August
1984.
The full title is: Thirteen Nation Field Data and
Analysis of the International Baby Foods Industry
Marketing Activity with Reference to Industry
Obligations Under the International Code of Marketing of
Breastmilk Substitutes.
Monitoring project, July 1984.
2 folders.
Monitoring reports:
Dominican Republic, July 1984.
Hong Kong and India, July 1984.
Malaysia and Mexico, July 1984.
Philippines, July 1984.
Taiwan and Thailand, July 1984.
Zimbabwe, July 1984.
144.B.15.10F
17
Violations records, July 1984.
3 folders.
Code violations [evidence]:
Formula advertisements, displays, packaging, promotions,
pamphlets, and photographs.
General, 1984.
Africa, 1984.
Europe, 1984.
2 folders.
India, 1984.
Malaysia, 1984.
Mexico, 1984.
2 folders.
Philippines, 1984.
Monitoring 1984-1985:
Infant formula compliance program proposal,
1984-1985.
Monitoring proposal fund raising responses,
1984-1985.
Nestlé violations of the WHO code,
1984-1985.
"Report on Violations of the WHO/UNICEF International
Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes 1984,"
1984-1985.
Monitoring 1985-1986:
Analysis of company policies, April 1985.
Filipro violations, 1985.
Filipro is Nestlé's Philippines subsidiary.
The INBC/IBFAN infant foods marketing survey: a
summary analysis, October 1985.
Doug Johnson's notes on the monitoring workshop
meeting, Lima, Peru, March 1985.
Research report monitoring infant formula marketing
procedures by Douglas W. Johnson, November 1985.
Winter/Spring programs:
International definition of need for limited free
supplies of breastmilk substitutes, undated and
1985.
Monitoring, 1985.
Infant formula compliance program enforcement
proposal, 1985-1986.
Press and Publication Files, 1966-1985
144.B.15.11B
18
Newspaper clippings:
Nestlé boycott and infant formula issue, 1975-1985.
3 folders.
AP [Associated Press] clippings on Nestlé compliance and
the INFACT boycott, March 1982.
U.S. newspaper clippings, May-June 1981. b
ound volume.
End of the Nestlé boycott, 1983-1984.
Linda Kelsey and Liv Ullman trips, 1981.
Nestlé media coverage, 1966-1985.
"Nestlégate"/Lefever press, 1981.
Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission (NIFAC) in the
press, 1982-1983.
Wyeth formula recall, 1982.
Press releases, undated and 1977-1984.
2 folders.
Press conferences:
Final four demands, Washington, D.C., December 15,
1983.
Nestlé boycott suspension and INFACT victory, January 26
and February 6, 1984.
American Public Health Association (APHA) "Boycott
Taster's Choice" news conference, March 1, 1983.
Media Events:
"Into the Mouths of Babes. . ." CBS
Reports with Bill Moyers, edition 6, July 5,
1978.
Discussion with Nestlé representatives Dr. Neils
Christenson and Carolyn Campion, WFAA Radio, Dallas, Texas, July
14, 1981.
"Dear Journalist," May 4, 1981.
Information sent to U.S. journalists concerning the WHO code.
World Press Institute interns interview INFACT,
1982.
Letters to the editor, 1979.
Correspondence with Depthnews
Science Service, 1982.
Newsletters:
INFACT Update, January
1979-May 1984.
2 folders.
INFACT Notes, December 1978
and News Brief, June and August
1984.
INFACT News, undated and
1980-1984.
16 issues.
INFACT Newsletter, February
1979-Spring 1981.
7 issues.
INFACT Canada Newsletter,
Fall 1981-Fall, 1985.
9 issues.
INFACT Toronto Newsletter,
December 1981-Winter 1982-1983.
3 issues.
Action for Corporate Accountability (ACA) Records,
1979-1995
Transition Documents, 1985-1988
In 1985 INFACT turned its attention toward General Electric and the
production of nuclear arms. Members still involved with the infant
formula issue felt that continued monitoring and pressure on the
companies was necessary and did not want to relinquish the infant
formula work. Those members formed an independent group, first calling
themselves IBFAN U.S.A. and then Action for Corporate Accountability.
These files pertain to that transition. For more information on the
transition refer to the Legal Files in box 15.
144.B.15.10F
17
INFACT's nuclear arms focus and GE boycott,
1985-1986.
From Bottles to Bombs: the
Transformation of a Social Movement Organization by Jurg
Gerber, 1988.
Ph.D. dissertation, Washington State University.
Transition to Action for Corporate Accountability,
1985-1986.
Nancy Gaschott's transition file, 1986.
IBFAN U.S.A. articles of incorporation, April 12,
1986.
IBFAN U.S.A. our skills and goals meeting, February 4,
1986.
Administration, 1985-1995
144.B.15.10F
17
New organization:
"New" name for the organization, undated.
ACA statement of purpose, bylaws, and Minnesota tax
exemption papers, 1986.
IRS 501(C)3 form audit, 1986.
Form 990 Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax,
1987.
Board of directors:
Retreat center for board of directors, 1989.
"Whimsy board documents," 1985-1986.
2 folders.
Meetings of the "board" immediately after the group spun off from
INFACT.
144.B.15.12F
19
Board of directors, 1986-1993.
13 folders.
Committees and meetings:
Finance Committee:
Finance Committee, 1987-1990.
Financial statements and accountant's report,
1986.
Financial statements and accountant's report,
1988.
Audit, 1989.
Strategy Committee:
Actions' strategy program 1986-1988, undated and
1986.
Strategy Committee, 1988-1989.
2 folders.
Boston meeting, February 17-20, 1986.
Staff:
Executive director search, 1986.
Internship opportunities, 1986.
Management Assistance Project (MAP) 125 Plan,
1988.
Staff reimbursement management program.
Staff planning, Spring 1988.
Staff memos, 1988-1989.
Staff members:
Gaschott, Nancy, 1986-1989.
Goldberg, Beth, 1988.
Mingle, Charles R., 1986.
Salmon, Carol-Linnea, 1987-1990.
Correspondence files:
Correspondence, 1986-1995.
5 folders.
144.B.15.13B
20
Florists' Transworld Delivery Association (FTD) regarding
"Bundle of Joy" bouquet with Gerber products, 1993.
International Association of Infant Food Manufacturers
(IFM), 1987-1989.
National Commission to Prevent Infant Mortality regarding
Resource Mothers Development Project, 1991.
Fund Raising, Proposals, and Projects, 1986-1993
These files all pertain to ACA's funding and fund raising plans. They
wrote proposals for general funding for their office and programs as
well as funds for specific projects. These files were variously called:
program, program proposal, funding proposal, plan, and fund raising.
144.B.15.13B
20
General funding and plans:
Contributions, 1988-1992.
Proposal drafting guidelines, undated.
Program proposal, April 1987.
N. G.'s 1987-1988 F. R. booklet, 1987.
[Nancy Gaschott's] funding proposal for 1988.
Program proposal 1988-1989, October 1988.
Fund raising proposals, 1991-1993.
3 folders.
Project specific funding and plans:
Action/ICCR proactive plan, 1989.
Endorser plan, July 1989.
Formula companies campaign, undated.
IBFAN organizing case study: Proposal "Costa Rica, the
Struggle for the Code," April 1987.
Infant health action campaign, undated.
Infant Health Campaign, 1989.
Institute of Child Survival, undated.
"Marketing Malnutrition," April 1989.
A documentary video on infant formula promotion and its effects
on infant health.
144.B.15.13B
20
Monitoring, 1986-1989.
2 folders.
New Haven project, August 13, 1991.
Ottinger Foundation, [1987].
Philippine health, population, and nutrition survey,
1988.
Participation in the IBFAN coordinating council meeting
and the Fifth International Women and Health meeting, May
1987.
Policy consultation with and technical assistance to the
Philippines Ministry of Health in implementing the national code
on marketing of breastmilk substitutes, March 1987.
Promoting the "Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative" in the
U.S., June 30, 1993.
Ten-country monitoring survey of industry compliance with
the international code of marketing of breastmilk substitutes,
April 1987.
Trade watch project, January 1992.
Reports:
Monitoring the Infant Foods Industry: Holding
Corporations Accountable. A Report to the Funders from Action
for Corporate Accountability, July 1988.
Report to the Marianist Sharing Fund, August
1989.
Report to funders, June 30, 1993.
Monitoring Infant Formula Manufacturers, 1985-1993
144.B.15.13B
20
Solicitation:
Letter, 1986-1987.
Solicitation of international groups for assistance with
monitoring.
Responses from international groups,
1987-1988.
Guidelines:
Guidelines for research on infant foods marketing
practices, 1985, 1987.
Protocol for IBFAN monitoring project, 1987,
1993.
Monitoring data:
Monitoring 1985, May 30, 1986.
Code violations in Southeast Asia, 1986-1987.
Information gathered by Doug Clement.
Monitoring questionnaires, 1986.
Monitoring questionnaires, 1988.
Carol-Linnea Salmon's file.
144.B.15.13B
20
Carol-Linnea Salmon monitoring notes and correspondence,
undated and 1988.
Monitoring questionnaires, 1992-1993.
Idrian Resnick's file.
Statistics:
Breastmilk substitutes by country, company, brand, and
distributor, November 18, 1993.
Q & D tabulation, Feburary/March 1993.
Violations by company:
Abbott/Ross Laboratories, 1989.
Bristol-Meyers (Mead Johnson), 1986.
Carnation, 1993.
Gerber, 1989.
Nestlé, 1986-1993.
3 folders.
Minutes of the monthly meeting [Nestlé sales/marketing,
Nestlé Philippines, Inc.], July 2-3, 1987.
Summary statement on Nestlé code violations,
1993.
Wyeth, 1985.
Grassroots, 1985-1995
144.B.15.13B
20
Endorsers: Renewed boycott, 1989.
Supporters:
American Academy of Pediatrics, 1989.
American Public Health Association (APHA):
Government Legislation and
Policies to Support Breastfeeding, Improve Maternal and
Infant Nutrition, and Implement a Code of Marketing of
Breastmilk Substitutes Report # 4 APHA Clearing
House on Infant Feeding and Nutrition, May 1986.
APHA, 1988-1989.
Association of Business and Professional Women (BPW),
1989.
Christian Medical Commission/World Conference on Religion
and Peace, 1989.
Co-op America, undated.
Consumers Union of Japan, 1991.
Episcopal proxy resolution, January 1989.
Regarding American Home Products shares.
First Universalist Church, undated and 1989.
144.B.15.14F
21
FORMULA, 1986.
A U.S. nonprofit organization specializing in infant formula
nutritional safety issues.
Health Action International (HAI) U.S.A. Participants,
1986-1987.
Health Professional Advisory Group,
1987-1989.
IBFAN Brazil, Brazilian draft of code,
1988-1989.
International Childbirth Education Association (ICEA),
1985-1989.
INFACT Canada, 1988.
Investor Responsibility Research Center, Inc. (IRRC),
1986-1989.
Lutheran groups, 1988-1989.
Methodist groups, 1989.
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), 1988.
National Education Association (NEA),
1988-1989.
National Medical Advisory Board, 1988-1989.
Oklahoma Institute for Child Advocacy children's platform
questionnaire results and Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies
Coalition, 1986-1987.
Presbyterian groups, 1988-1989.
Unions, 1988.
United Church of Canada, 1987-1989.
United Church of Christ, 1989.
Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA),
1989.
Correspondence with supporters/requests for information,
1986-1995.
5 folders.
Correspondence from consumers in support of the boycott,
1987.
Includes copies of letters sent to formula companies and government
officials.
144.B.15.14F
21
Related conferences and groups (nonsupporters):
These conferences and groups have a focus related to ACA's infant
feeding issues. These files may have been prospects for support,
endorsement, or just for information on these groups.
Bread for the World, 1985-1987.
Child Health 2000 World Congress on Child Health:
Nutrition and Malnutrition in Infants and Children, February
19-22, 1992.
Council on Economic Priorities (CEP),
1986-1988.
Minnesota Peace and Justice Coalition (MPJC),
1987-1989.
San Diego Lactation Conference, July 16-18,
1986.
Save the Children, 1989.
Social Venture network debate with Nestlé, April 9,
1993.
World Breastfeeding Week, August 1-7, 1994.
World Food Day, 1988-1991.
World Hunger Year (WHY), 1988.
United States Breastfeeding Health Initiative, February
7, 1995.
Infant Formula Issue Research Literature, 1986-1992
These articles are in alphabetical order by title.
144.B.15.14F
21
"The Bottle Feeding Scandal," in Health
Alert October 15, 1988.
"Breastfeeding Trends in the Philippines," by Barry M.
Popkin, et al in AJPH 79:1 (January 1989).
"Case 10-12 Baby Formula Raises Questions," in Public Relations Practices: Managerial Case
Studies and Problems, fourth edition, by Allen H. Center
and Patrick Jackson, undated.
"Closing the Book on Infant Formula Fears," by Carol Adelman
in Wall Street Journal, June 19,
1986.
Commission of the European Communities Modified Proposal for
a Council Directive, October 20, 1986.
Infants 0-4 Months: Diarrhea and Acute
Respiratory Infections: Correlating the Effects of Feeding
Practices vis-_-vis Urban Poverty, 1986.
Code of Conduct for Transnational
Corporations: the Case of the WHO/UNICEF Code, by Kathryn
Sikkink, World Peace Foundation and MIT, 1986.
"Commercial Discharge Packs and Breast Feeding Counseling:
Effects on Infant-Feeding Practices in a Randomized Trial," by
Deborah A. Frank, et al in Pediatrics 80:6 (December
1987).
The Ethics of Mass Producing and
Marketing Infant Formula, by Lyn McCollum,
undated.
Infant Feeding: Anatomy of a
Controversy 1973-1984, by John Dobbing, 1988.
Infant Formula Promotion and the Health
Sector in the Philippines, by Barry M. Popkin and Maria
Erlinda Fernandez, November 1, 1988.
144.B.15.14F
21
"Interaction of the Infant Formula Industry with the Academic
Community," by George M. Owen in American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 1987.
"Milk Duds," by Clara Jeffery in Washington City Paper 14:24, June 17-23,
1994.
The Milk War, by Arne Oshaug,
1991.
"Milking Deadly Dollars from the Third World," by
Carol-Linnea Salmon in Business and Society
Review 68 (Winter 1989).
Medical Bibliographies, 1986.
"The Nestlé Infant Formula Controversy: Restricting the
Marketing Practices of Multinational Corporations in the Third
World," by Nancy Ellen Zelmar in Transnational
Lawyer 3, 1990.
"Profits Before Babies Lives," by Idrian Resnick in Christian Social Action February
1992.
Unmasking a Giant, edited by
Cornelia H. Aldana-Benitez, 1992.
"The Zero-Sum Game: A Framework for Examining Women and
Nutrition," by Judith S. McGuire and Barry M. Popkin in Food and Nutrition Bulletin 10:3
(1988).
Outreach Files, 1985-1995
The direct mailings, flyers, advertisements, and other means ACA used to
reach the public about the continued boycott and the infant formula and
feeding issue.
144B.15.14F
21
Alternatives to Nestlé candy for candy fund raising, undated
and 1988-1993.
Boycott support walk-a-thon, [1989].
144.B.15.15B
22
Boycott advertisement in The
Nation magazine, 1988.
"The Formula Fix" video, undated and 1993.
"The Formula Pushers" [booklet layout originals],
undated.
Helmut Maucher, Chairman, Nestlé SA delivers the fifth annual
E. Kummel lecture, Yale University School of Organization and
Management, October 14, 1991.
International marketplace conditions, June 9,
1988.
Line-by-line refutation of Nestlé claims and fact sheet,
1989.
"Nestlé Faces the FAX" campaign, February 1993.
Organizing the renewed Nestlé boycott [1989].
Questions and answers about baby bottle disease,
undated.
Statement concerning free supplies of formula to hospitals,
January 1987.
Outreach mailings:
Outreach mailings and promotional literature, undated and
1985-1989.
3 folders.
Direct mail appeals, 1988-1995.
2 folders.
Press and Publications Files, 1983, 1986-1995
144.B.1515B
22
Newsletter:
Action News,
1989-1992.
Newsletter production, 1988.
Publications, 1992.
Article and grant drafts.
Press:
Campaign press office materials, undated and 1983,
1986.
Op-ed process, 1986-1989.
Letters to the editor from Carol-Linnea Salmon and other
staff.
Press conferences, 1988.
Press releases, 1986-1994.
Complete press packet sent to Susan Perry and Jim Dawson,
May 1, 1986.
2 folders.
Newspaper clippings:
Peter Cox interview with Francois Perroud, Nestlé's
Director of Corporate Affairs, January 1989, printed in the New
Internationalist (April 1989).
Clippings, undated and 1984-1988.
2 folders.
144.B.15.8F
15
Clippings, 1989-1995.
2 folders.
Legal Files, 1979-1989
144.B.15.8F
15
Lawsuit:
Correspondence with lawyers, 1981-1985.
Lawsuit against infant formula companies, undated and
1979.
Background information--Malaysia, Mexico, and
Philippines, 1984.
Notes and plans from lawsuit strategy team, undated and
1980-1986.
"Wrongful Death" lawsuit plans and plaintiff recruitment,
1984-1986.
Themla Smith bequest:
Bequest, 1987-1988.
2 folders.
ACA vs. First National Bank (Palm Beach, Florida),
1988.
Mediation between INFACT and ACA, undated and
1988-1989.
INFACT evidentiary history, undated and
1984-1985.
ACA evidentiary history, 1982-1986.
COMPANY FILES, 1973-1994
The Company files contain corporate information, financial data, examples of
advertising, notes on code violations, and correspondence with corporate
executives. All formula companies were under scrutiny and expected to comply
with the WHO code, but INFACT maintained a significant quantity of files on
Abbott/Ross Laboratories, American Home Products, Bristol-Meyers, and
Nestlé. The company files compiled by INFACT and ACA contain correspondence
and other items from affiliated groups.
International Council of Infant Food Industries (ICIFI),
1979-1982
144.B.15.14F
21
Correspondence, 1981-1982.
The Infant Food Controversy: Industry
Response Exposes Pressure Groups Dishonesty, August
1980.
Negotiations, 1982.
"Observations on the Shortcomings of the Proposed WHO
International Code of Marketing for Breastmilk Substitutes,"
1981.
Papers for the WHO/UNICEF meeting, October 9-12,
1979.
Stand on WHO code, 1981.
2 folders.
The WHO/UNICEF Meeting on Infant and
Young Child Feeding: Is the Industry Observing the
Recommendations?, August 1980.
Corporate Information, 1977-1989
144.B.15.14F
21
Corporate information, 1977-1979 and 1986-1989.
2 folders.
Financial, legal, and administrative data.
Membership lists for companies' boards of directors, undated
and 1981.
Company product chart, January 1982.
Nonessential Companies, 1977-1993
144.B.15.14F
21
Borden, 1977-1983.
Dumex, 1985.
Dutch Baby, 1983-1985.
Gerber, 1990-1993.
Johnson and Johnson, 1988.
Milupa, 1983-1985.
2 folders.
Abbott/Ross Laboratories, 1975-1989
144.B.15.16F
23
Abbott/Ross Laboratories, undated and 1975-1982.
3 folders.
Baker Laboratories vs. Abbott Laboratories, et al, undated.
Correspondence regarding compliance to WHO codes,
1984-1986.
Correspondence, 1986-1989.
[Interoffice correspondence]: Ross Business Practices Task
Force and Public Advocates, Inc., 1981.
Dialogue with Ross Laboratories: a
Chapter in the Infant Formula Controversy by James M.
Childs, Jr., undated.
Food and Drug Administration, 1981-1983.
The Infant Formula Controversy: Galileo
Revisited by David O. Cox, Chairman, Ross Laboratories,
March 26, 1981.
Shareholder information, 1979-1980.
Includes the 1979 annual report.
Shareholder meeting, April 8, 1983.
Includes the 1982 annual report.
Training manual, 1975.
U.S. promotional materials, undated and
1977-1981.
American Home Products/Wyeth Laboratories, 1973-1989
144.B.15.16F
23
Corporate information, 1978-1983.
Correspondence, 1980-1989.
Correspondence: Wyeth, 1978-1988.
Food and Drug Administration, 1980-1983.
Meeting with INBC, November 5, 1984.
Wyeth code policy, 1982.
Response to code violations, 1984-1986.
Shareholder proxy statement, 1973-1984.
Statement of Wyeth International to the WHO/UNICEF Meeting on
Infant and Young Child Feeding, Geneva, Switzerland, October 9-12,
1979.
Wyeth violations, 1983-1984.
Bristol-Meyers (Mead Johnson), 1975-1989
144.B.15.16F
23
Compliance with WHO code and meeting with Bristol Meyers
representative, 1985-1987.
Correspondence, undated and 1975-1989.
3 folders.
Correspondence, meeting papers, and notes.
Exhibits, 1977-1984.
Examples of promotional materials.
Food and Drug Administration, 1980-1983.
Lawsuit against INFACT, 1981.
Shareholder information, undated and 1980.
Includes first quarter report, 1980.
Sisters of the Precious blood "Bottle Baby Lawsuit,"
1976-1978.
2 folders.
Working notebook--Douglas Johnson's, 1983-1984.
Nestlé, 1974-1994
INFACT maintained files on Nestlé policies, promotions, and public
relations. They also kept correspondence with corporate executives and
the Nestlé Coordination Center for Nutrition. The Nestlé corporate files
include Nestlé's branches and subsidiaries, such as Nestlé Alimentana or
Nestlé SA (Vevey, Switzerland), Nestlé Company (White Plains, New York),
Nestlé International (Canada), Nestlé-Beich (Bloomington, Illinois),
Filipro, NesFoods, Stouffer's, Carnation, Beech-nut Baby Food, Inc., and
others.
144.B.16.1B
24
Corporate information:
Nestlé operations, 1977-1980.
2 folders.
These items were together in a three-ring binder labeled: Nestlé
Operations.
Address given by Mr. Pierre Liotard-Vogt at the Nestlé
annual meeting, May 22, 1980.
Expert from Nestlé annual report, 1978.
Nestlé letter from the chairman, 1977.
Correspondence:
Internal correspondence, 1978-1989.
Carlo R. Fedele letter to Nestlé, July 7,
1980.
Employees, 1977-1989.
Administrators:
Angst, Dr. Carl, Nestlé SA (Vevey, Switzerland),
undated and 1985-1986.
Bersier, Bernard, Senior Vice President, Nestlé SA,
1978-1979.
Brooks, William J., Vice President Corporate Affairs,
Nestlé Company, Inc. (White Plains, New York),
1980-1981.
Ciocca, Henry G., Manager, Office of Corporate
Responsibility, Nestlé Company, Inc., 1978-1980.
Ferri, Jane E., Office of Corporate Responsibility,
May 16, 1979.
Fookes, Geoffry A., Assistant to the Manager, Infant
and Dietetic Products, Nestlé SA, 1977-1986.
144.B.16.1B
24
F_rer, Arthur, President and Chief Executive Officer,
Nestlé SA, 1977-1981.
Greenspan, Ruth, Office of Corporate Responsibility,
October 11, 1979.
Groner, Douglas A., Director, Office of Corporate
Responsibility, undated and 1979-1980.
Guerrant, David E., President, Nestlé Company, Inc.,
1977-1979.
Jackson, Thad M., Special Issues Director, Nestlé
Enterprises, Inc., (Washington, D.C.),
1988-1989.
Jendras, H. J., Office of Corporate Responsibility,
1979.
Korsen, Stephen E., Manager, Consumer Affairs, Nestlé
Company, Inc., 1976-1978.
Liotard-Vogt, Pierre, Chairman of the Board, Nestlé
SA, 1979.
Maucher, Helmut, Managing Director, Nestlé SA,
1986-1988.
Mitchell, N. H., Manager, Corporate Affairs and
Planning, Nestlé (Don Mills, Ontario, Canada),
1978.
Patternot, J., [Nestlé SA], 1978-1979.
Perroud, Francois X., Corporate Affairs, Nestlé SA,
1988.
Pirro, John A., Nestlé Company, Inc., February 28,
1979.
Raffe, Gerry A., Nestlé Company, Inc.,
1978.
Saunders, Ernest W., Head, Nestlé Nutrition Division,
Nestlé SA and President ICIFI, 1979-1980.
Schnyder, Klaus, Vice President, Nestlé SA,
1986-1987.
Weber, Claude, Vice President, Nestlé SA,
1987-1993.
Post-boycott file:
Correspondence regarding violations, meetings, and
contacts, 1983-1985.
Post-boycott, 1984-1985.
3 folders.
These papers from INFACT, INBC, BMAC, and IBFAN were housed
together in a three-ring binder labeled: Nestlé
post-boycott.
Subsidiaries:
Nesfood, Inc. is the U.S. holding company for Nestlé
subsidiaries.
Beech-nut Baby Food Company (Beech-nut Foods Corporation)
(Fort Washington, Pennsylvania), 1979-1980.
Carnation Company (Los Angeles, California):
Correspondence and corporate information,
1976-1981.
Crull, Tim, President and Chief Executive Officer,
1988-1992.
144.B.16.1B
24
Clintec Nutrition Company (Deerfield, Illinois),
1995.
L. J. Minor Corporation (Cleveland, Ohio),
1987-1988.
L'Oreal (Cosmair, Inc.) (Delaware and New York); Beringer
Brothers, Crosse and Blackwell Vinyards, and Los Hermanos (Wine
World, Inc.) (Jean-Pierre Labruyere, France, and St. Helena,
California), 1979.
Nestlé-Beich (Kathryn Beich, Inc.) (Bloomington,
Illinois), 1988-1992.
Nestlé Lanka, Ltd. (Sri Lanka), 1988.
Stouffer Corporation (Solon, Ohio):
Correspondence, 1979-1980, 1983.
Frantz, Edwin T., Vice President Long Range Planning,
Nestlé Enterprises, Inc., 1979-1983.
Nestlé Coordination Center for Nutrition
(NCCN):
This center, a corporate arm of Nestlé located in Washington,
D.C., was created specifically to deal with the infant formula
issue and the boycott in the U.S. Its purpose was to diffuse the
issue and repair Nestlé's public image.
Correspondence:
General, 1982.
Pagan, Rafael D., President, Nestlé Coordination
Center for Nutrition, Inc. (NCCN) (Washington, D.C.),
1981-1983.
"Carrying the Fight to the Critics of Multinational
Capitalism," speech by Rafael D. Pagan to the Public Affairs
Council, April 22, 1982.
"The Future of Public Relations and the Need for Creative
Understanding of the World Around Us," speech by Rafael D. Pagan
at the 35th PRSA national conference, November 8,
1982.
"Off the Record" meeting between Doug Johnson and Jack
Mangoven (NCCN), October 8-9, 1985.
Pamphlets, undated and 1981, 1984.
Press conference, Washington D.C., January 26,
1984.
Press conference, Washington D.C., October 4,
1984.
Tracking Nestlé:
Files on Nestlé statements and behaviors, particularly in the arena
of public image.
10 point plan evaluation, 1989.
Case study on Nestlé, undated.
144.B.16.1B
24
Compliance to WHO code: Nestlé instruction to agents and
distributors, 1982.
Critiques of Nestlé statements and articles, undated and
1977-1979.
Debates with infant formula manufacturers, undated and
1978-1979.
"Dirty Tricks" at the World Health Assembly (WHA), May
1981.
Factory contamination, 1977-1979.
Legal threats against INFACT regarding product defamation
of Taster's Choice coffee, 1983.
Letters from misquoted [by Nestlé] pastors,
1978-1979.
Libel proceedings: Nestlé Alimentana, SA against
Arbeitsgruppe Dritte Welt (AgDW) (Bern, Switzerland), June
1976.
Loss of business due to boycott, undated and 1977-1981.
Nestlé statements on infant formula donation to
hospitals, 1989.
Nestlé and the World Health Organization (WHO) meeting
recommendations, [1984].
144.B.16.2F
25
Presentation and debate with Nestlé by Penny van Estrik,
Notre Dame (South Bend, Indiana), February 10, 1982.
Product list for boycott, undated and
1978-1979.
Response to Nestlé's announcement of "initiative" to
follow the WHO code, March-June 1982.
Statements of Doug A. Johnson and Dr. Marina Rea to
Nestlé managers (Sao Paolo, Brazil), October 7,
1985.
Union of Filipro Employees strike against Filipro (Nestlé
Philippines, Inc.), 1987.
Corporate newsletters:
Nestlé News "Special Report
on 1976," March-April 1977.
Nestlé News,
1984.
Nestlé Worldview,
1989-1993.
Nestlé authored or published papers on the infant formula
issue:
These papers are part of Nestlé's effort to strengthen its public
image in the U.S. and in Europe. These papers were published in
professional journals or distributed as pamphlets and booklets.
"Committee on Nutrition and the WHO Code of Marketing
Breastmilk Substitutes," by Lewis A. Barness in Pediatrics 68:3 (September
1981).
144.B.16.2F
25
The Dilemma of Third World
Nutrition: Nestlé and the Role of Infant Formula,
Prepared for Nestlé SA by Maggie McComas, Geoffrey Fookes, and
George Taucher, 1983.
Food Composition and Nutritional
Status in Infants, by H. R. M_ller and M. C.
Secretin, Nestlé Nutrition Services, undated.
Infant Feeding in the Developing
Countries: Some Considerations on the Contribution of
Nestlé, 1977.
The Infant Formula Controversy: a
Nestlé View, November 1978.
"The 'Infant Formula Controversy': a Notorious Threat to
Reason in Matters of Health," by Charles D. May in Pediatrics 68:3 (September
1981).
Infant Formula in Developing
Countries: the Nestlé Position, 1978.
Infant Nutrition in Developing
Countries: a Nestlé View, May 1979.
Infant Nutrition Today: a New
Rationale in Infant Feeding?, by H. R. M_ller, Nestlé
Nutrition Services, 1976.
Marketing Infant Formula to the
Third World: How Nestlé Has Followed the WHO/UNICEF October
1979 Recommendations, April 1981.
Nestlé and Baby Food in the Third
World, by Dr. Arthur F_rer, November 28,
1975.
The Nestlé Boycott as a Corporate
Learning Experience, by Henry G. Ciocca, Nestlé
Company, Inc., March 18, 1980.
Nestlé et l'Alimentation Infantile
dans las Pays en Voie de D_veloppment: Constantes et
_volutions, February 1979.
Nestlé and Infant Formula Facts and
Fallacies, undated.
Nutrition and Infant
Mortality, by Dr. H. R. M_ller, November 11,
1975.
Nestlé documentation distributed at the press conference held in
Bern, Switzerland.
The Problem of Malnutrition,
by Professor J. Mauron, Deputy Manager, Head of Research
Department, Nestlé SA, 1976.
Public relations and advertising:
Booklets:
These items promote the Nestlé company in general. There are also
examples of the booklets that Nestlé gave to mothers. More
booklets of this type can be found in the research, monitoring,
and promotional materials files.
144.B.16.2F
25
Nestlé booklet, printed by Nestlé SA,
undated.
Nestlé in the Developing
Countries, printed by Nestlé SA,
1975.
Nestlé's Mother Book: About the
Care and Feeding of Babies, printed by Nestlé's
Food Company (New York, New York), [1890-1910?].
This is a photocopy of an early Nestlé childcare book.
Nestlé Transforms Fresh,
Perishable Raw Materials into Foods with Good Keeping
Qualities, undated.
Those First Moments of
Infancy
"Hints for Young Mothers,"
booklet edited by Nestlé, 1974.
Strategies and promotions:
These are not formula promotion activities. These promote Nestlé
as a whole, or promote other Nestlé products sold in the U.S.
There are a few files which record Nestlé's strategy for
combating the boycott.
Advertising via disney, 1994.
Carnation public relations, 1989.
Excerpts from letters to Nestlé in favor of Nestlé,
1974-1979.
Information sent to pastors, 1983.
International media strategy, 1980.
National student advertising competition sponsor,
1988.
Nestlé SA public relations packet, 1979.
Newport Folk Festival sponsorship, August 8-9,
1987.
Press releases, 1981-1983.
"Proactive Neutralization: Nestlé Recommendations
Regarding the Infant Formula Boycott," from Ogilvy and
Mather Public Affairs, March 15, 1989.
Public relations, [1991].
Public relations firms, 1979-1980.
Public relations letters, 1978-1981.
U.S. media strategy, 1979-1980, 1983,
1988.
Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission (NIFAC):
This was purportedly an independent commission though its formation
was instigated and the membership chosen by Nestlé. The commission
was to inspect complaints and hold Nestlé responsible to the
parameters of the WHO code.
Development and membership:
144.B.16.3B
26
Background statement, undated.
Charter, articles of incorporation, and bylaws and
procedures, [1982].
Formation and membership information,
1982.
INFACT and coordinating groups' notes on NIFAC and
its membership, undated and 1982-1983.
Quarterly reports:
1st quarterly report, September 30, 1982.
2nd quarterly report, December 331, 1982.
3rd quarterly report, March 31, 1983.
4th quarterly report, June 30, 1983.
5th quarterly report, September 30, 1983.
6th quarterly report, December 31, 1983.
7th quarterly report, March 31, 1984.
8th quarterly report, June 30, 1984.
Report no. 9, April 1, 1985.
9th quarterly report, July 1, 1985.
Report no. 10, June 30, 1986.
Report no. 11, June 30, 1987.
NIFAC 1982:
A Comparison of the Nestlé
Infant Formula Marketing Instructions with the
WHO/UNICEF Notes on the WHO Recommended Code, by
NCCN for NIFAC, December 1982.
INBC/ICCR/NIFAC meeting, November 19,
1982.
Interrogatories, 1982.
Press conference: Edmund Muskie and Carl Angst,
October 14, 1982.
NIFAC 1983:
INFACT response, 1983.
Nestlé violations, 1982-1983.
Press conference: Edmund Muskie and Carl Angst, April
21, 1983.
Press lunch--Nestlé/NIFAC, October 13,
1983.
Replies, 1983.
2 folders.
NIFAC 1984:
Final determination on November 1982 complaints,
March 15, 1984.
Mexican violations by Nestlé, 1984.
Nestlé violations, June 1984.
NIFAC papers from Angela Blackwell, 1984.
Preliminary determinations for June 19, 1984
complaints, 1984.
144.B.16.4F
27
Preliminary determinations for June 19, 1984
complaints, 1984.
Responses to complaint report: preliminary
determinations, 1983-1984.
Violations submitted by Dr. Michael C. Latham,
1984.
NIFAC, 1985-1989:
Preliminary determinations for complaints submitted
on October 12, 1984, April 1, 1985.
2 folders.
Complaint reports nos. 84-35, 84-58, 84-79, 84-129,
84-138, May 27, 1986.
Draft complaint report, April 21, 1987.
Draft complaint report, October 23, 1987.
Statement of Douglas Clement before NIFAC, January
27, 1987.
Comparison of infant formula sales and free supplies
given, July 9, 1988.
Interview with Edmund S. Muskie, Chairman of NIFAC,
April 21, 1989.
Correspondence, 1982-1989.
5 folders.
Correspondence with Daniel J. Greenwall III,
1983.
Affiliate Groups, 1973-1994
In addition to the many sponsors and endorsers INFACT and ACA had for their
campaigns, there were a few groups which were essential to the international
boycott. Some were independent activist groups who allied themselves with
INFACT, and others were created by INFACT and other interested parties to
fulfill information sharing and administrative duties. These are files on a
few of those core groups.
Baby Milk Action Coalition (BMAC), 1985-1994
One group promoting the infant formula campaign and Nestlé boycott in
United Kingdom. They corresponded with INFACT and stayed active through
the renewed boycott in 1989.
144.B.16.4F
27
Boycott packet, 1991.
Correspondence, 1985-1994.
Nestlé shareholders' meeting, May 1993.
Endorser memo, undated.
European violations, 1987.
Wyeth product Progress,
November-December, 1985.
Balikatan at Ugnayang Naglalayong Sumagip sa Sanggol (BUNSO),
[1982]-1986
BUNSO kept INFACT informed on formula promotion in the Philippines and
pushed consumer awareness of the dangers of bottle feeding. They
strongly promoted breastfeeding.
144.B.16.4F
27
BUNSO and the National Coalition for the Promotion of Breast
Feeding (NCPBCC) of the Philippines, [1982].
Nestlé public relations project: "Milk for Negros, Milk for
People" (Negros Province, Philippines), 1986.
Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR),
1973-1993
ICCR was an instigator in the infant formula campaign. They began by
pressuring companies through shareholder demands. ICCR staff,
particularly Leah Margulies, head of ICCR's Infant Formula Program, and
Ed Baer, were instrumental in the success of the campaign. This group
was INFACT's link to religious organizations. Though INFACT worked
closely with ICCR, ICCR promoted the campaign and the boycott on its
own. These files are INFACT's correspondence with ICCR and documentation
of ICCR's activities.
144.B.16.2F
25
Administration:
Budget, 1981-1982.
Correspondence:
Miscellaneous carbon copies, undated and
1980.
Correspondence, 1985-1990
Baer, Ed, 1975-1980.
Clement, Doug, 1974-1980.
Executive director sabbatical, 1981.
Governing board meeting, 1986-1988.
[Joint] meeting, June 26, 1992.
Steering Committee, 1987-1988.
Working subgroup on U.S. companies, 1984.
Infant Formula Work Group (IFW):
Executive Committee:
Executive Committee, 1979-1981.
Executive Committee mailing, August 1981.
Minutes and memos, 1979-1983.
2 folders.
Correspondence:
DMG [INFACT Decision Making Group],
1979-1981.
Nestlé, 1980-1981.
Pedrotti, John, IFW secretary, 1981.
WHO/UNICEF, 1980.
144.B.16.2F
25
Meetings:
Meeting with State Health and Human Service
Department, April 28, 1980.
Reports on INFACT and ICCR meetings with Nestlé
representatives, 1981.
Funding:
Funding proposals, May 1980.
Budget IFW November 1983-November 1984, February
1984.
IFW activities:
Domestic guidelines, undated.
Draft code no. 4, December 10, 1981.
Educational model proposal, 1980.
Health advocacy project, 1980.
Hospital survey questionnaire, 1981,
1987.
Notes on the congressional hearing, February 11,
1980.
Proxy solicitation packet, March 1980.
Formula companies:
Abbot/Ross, 1978.
144.B.16.5B
28
Abbot/Ross, 1979-1981.
3 folders.
American Home Products, 1978-1981.
3 folders.
Baby products companies, 1980.
Borden, 1981.
Bristol-Meyers:
Bristol-Meyers, 1978-1982.
Sisters of the Precious Blood vs. Bristol-Meyers,
1976.
Tort claims against INFACT, 1981.
CPC International, 1980.
Nestlé strategy: Churches, 1989.
World Health Organization (WHO) and World Health Assembly
(WHA):
Congressional action regarding WHA, 1981.
Correspondence regarding the WHO/UNICEF meeting, October
9-12, 1979.
Critiques of the code, 1980.
WHO/WHA follow-up, 1979, 1981.
U.S. government position at WHA, 1981.
IBFAN/INFACT press on WHA resolution, 1981.
IBFAN/INFACT "secret" cables, 1981.
Information sent to churches, 1981-1982.
Nestlé's "dirty tricks," 1981.
Notes on WHA, 1981.
144.B.16.5B
28
Post, Avery, 1982.
Press on WHO/WHA, 1981.
UNICEF code, 1980-1981.
Shareholder pressure tactics:
Church proxy resolution, January 1980.
Proxy solicitation/statement, March 1980.
Secret ballot, 1980.
Shareholder resolutions, 1979-1980.
Shareholder pressure on carnation, 1980-1982.
Shareholder resolution to Gerber, February 23,
1993.
Publications:
CIC Brief,
1975-1979.
ICCR Resource Book
1980-1981, September 26, 1980.
Corporate Examiner,
1979-1981.
ICCR Brief, 1981,
1988.
Infant formula campaign:
Campaign report, September 1976.
Critique of NCC/ICCR domestic infant formula research
project, November 8, 1979.
Milestones: Ten Years of Struggle
to Prevent "Baby Bottle Disease," 1983.
Mailing lists, 1980-1982.
Nestlé boycott materials, 1979-1980.
Over seas research networking, 1978.
Proposal: An Antitrust (and
Alternative Legal Approaches) Approach to the Exploitation
of Bangladesh and Other Developing Countries by
Pharmaceutical Industries, by Pierre E. Bergerson,
1983.
Remonstration, 1980.
Response to pastors' mailing, 1979.
Questions and Answers on the Crisis
in Infant Feeding, undated.
Third World contacts for lawsuit, 1976-1978.
Research files:
These files are incomplete; the remainder of the research files are
unaccounted for.
A, 1967-1981.
B, 1973-1982.
144.B.16.6F
29
B, 1973-1982.
2 folders.
J, 1974-1984.
Most articles are by Dr. Jelliffe.
M, 1974-1981.
2 folders.
Margulies, Leah: statement before the Subcommittee on
Health and Scientific Research, May 23, 1978.
Margulies, Leah: statement before the Subcommittee on
International Economic Policy and Trade, June 16,
1981.
N, 1972-1979.
O, 1974-1976.
P, 1973-1980.
S, 1972-1981.
2 folders.
Senate hearings, 1978. 2 folders.
T, 1974-1983.
U-V, 1975-1980.
W-Y, 1955-1983.
Williams, Cicely D.: transcript of Milk and Murder, 1939.
144.B.16.7B
30
Country files:
ICCR's country files are similar in content to the INFACT Third World
research files. They document infant formula promotion practices
before the WHO code and make contact with missionaries, residents,
and medical personnel.
Africa:
Cameroon, 1978.
Ghana, 1978.
Guinea Bissau, 1978.
Kenya, 1973, 1975, 1978-1979.
Kenya Breast Feeding Information Group:
Correspondence and newsletter, 1978-1980.
Liberia, 1978-1979.
Mozambique, 1979.
Letter from Mike Muller, June 26, 1979.
Nigeria, 1974-1978.
Rhodesia, 1979.
Sierra Leone, undated and 1979.
Swaziland, 1978-1979.
Tanzania, 1978-1979.
Transkei, undated and 1978.
Uganda, 1978.
Zaire, 1978-1979.
144.B.16.7B
30
Asia:
Indonesia, 1979.
Malaysia:
1977-1980.
2 folders.
Persatuan Penasihat Penyusuan Ibu Selangor (PPPI)
(Breast Feeding Mothers Association),
1978-1979.
Advertisements Collected in Malaysia, 1975-1979.
These items are housed in an oversize folder in box
39.
Philippines, 1978-1979.
Philippines: Food and Hunger in
the Philippines booklet, 1978-1979.
Singapore, 1975-1979.
3 folders.
This file contains a number of photographs of malnourished
infants, taken from 1977 to 1978. Included are images of:
acrodermalitis enteropatnia; malignant diarrhoea;
kwashiorkor and gastroenteritis.
Thailand, 1974-1979.
Caribbean:
Caracas, 1976-1977.
Cuba, 1977.
Dominican Republic, 1978-1979.
Haiti, 1979.
Jamaica, 1977-1978.
Jamaica: Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC) film,
1973-1977.
2 folders.
Trinidad, 1975-1978.
Central America:
El Salvador, 1978.
Guatemala, 1978-1979.
Mexico, 1978.
Panama, 1978.
Europe:
Netherlands, undated.
Middle East:
Turkey, 1978.
144.B.16.8F
31
North America:
Canada, 1977-1979.
Oceania:
Australia, 1978, 1980.
Papua New Guinea, undated and 1977-1979.
Scandinavia:
Sweden, 1978-1979.
Southern Asia:
India, undated and 1977-1978.
Nepal, 1979.
South America:
Brazil, 1978-1980.
Publicity:
Information packet contents, undated and
1981.
Friends of the infant formula campaign mailings,
1979-1983.
Press packet, February 27, 1980.
Press releases, 1977-1982.
International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN),
1979-1994
In November 1979 IBFAN was formed by INFACT and its affiliates to
centralize the international network of boycott groups. IBFAN acted as a
pressure group which monitored and reported on industry promotion and
marketing, and distributed such information to member groups. IBFAN had
three central offices: GIFA in Switzerland, INFACT in the U.S.A., and
IOCU in Malaysia.
144.B.16.8F
31
Coordinating Council (IBCoCo):
Formation and research coordination, November
1979-1980.
Coordinated action plan for IBFAN, 1981-1982.
Meetings, agendas, minutes, and notes, 1982-1985.
10 folders.
144.B.16.9B
32
Meetings, agendas, minutes, and notes, 1986-1991.
9 folders.
144.B.16.6F
29
Funding and finances:
Funding 1980:
Fund raising proposal, August 1980.
German IBFAN proposals, undated and 1980.
German proposal follow-up, 1980.
Finances and congress, 1980-1981.
Monitoring/training program proposal,
undated.
Funding 1981:
Fund raising plans, December 10, 1981.
"The IBFAN Cookbook," 1981.
A resource book on the WHO Code.
Finances and funding, 1981-1983.
Funding 1982:
Funding proposals, 1982.
2 folders.
Finances, 1982.
Swedish International Development Authority
(SIDA):
Participation and funding for monitoring program,
1980-1983.
Report on IBFAN, December 1985.
Funding proposals, 1985-1987.
Funding proposal: Addressing the world-wide infant
feeding crisis: IBFAN beyond the code, undated and 1987.
IBFAN international conference:
The International Baby Milk
Campaign: Strategies for Action, Mexico City, Mexico,
February 2-5, 1984.
144.B.16.10F
33
The International Baby Milk
Campaign: Strategies for Action, Mexico City, Mexico,
February 2-5, 1984.
2 folders.
IBFAN regional meetings and forums:
Meeting, Geneva Switzerland, September 28,
1980.
IBFAN congress, May 24-26, 1981.
IBFAN Europe meeting, Amsterdam, Netherlands, March 5-7,
1982.
Planning meeting, Gex, France, May 22-26,
1983.
Planning with Paul [Mihe], January 29-February 2,
1983.
North American conference, 1984.
IBFAN Asia conference 86, Sam Phran, Thailand, October
5-12, 1986.
IBFAN Europe regional meeting, Paris, France, May 25-28,
1989.
International IBFAN forum, Manila, Philippines, October
9-14, 1989.
IBFAN Monitoring Project (IMP):
Infant formula promotion [monitoring], 1980.
IMP initial planning/country selection,
1986-1993.
Protocol drafting, 1990-1993.
IMP funding, 1992-1993.
IMP proposals, 1992-1994.
Letters of agreement, 1993.
IMP Phase II, 1993.
144.B.16.10F
33
WHO Code:
Code advocacy, 1983.
Breast-Feeding and WHO's Infant
Code: a Status Report with Special Reference to IBFAN's
Role, August 1986.
Critiques on drafts of the WHO code, [1980].
Lobbying UNICEF's executive board, 1986.
WHO/UNICEF meeting summaries, 1979-1981.
Correspondence:
General 1980-1988.
6 folders.
Action for Corporate Accountability, 1987-1988.
2 folders.
Aktionsgruppe Babynahrung (AGB) e. v. [Germany],
1986-1989.
European Economic Community (EEC), 1986-1987.
IBFAN Africa, 1985-1987.
IBFAN Europe, 1982, 1987-1990.
International Organization of Consumers Unions (IOCU),
1980-1981.
Norwegian group, 1980-1981.
WHO code, 1981-1988.
Publications:
Baby Milk from Japan: Breaking the
Rules, undated.
Breaking the Rules, 1982,
1983, 1985, and [1987].
Breaking the Rules--1982,
1982.
Breaking the Rules in 1984,
1984-1985.
Breaking the Rules in
Europe, May 1987.
Breastfeeding Briefs,
1986-1990.
Four Years Later, and Still
Breaking the Rules, 1985.
IBFAN in Asia,
1986.
IBFAN Afrique Nouvelles,
1986, 1988.
Infant Formula Promotion,
1979-1981.
Still Breaking the Rules,
[1988].
Verst_fse der Firma Milupa,
undated.
Newsletter:
IBFAN News, April
1980-March/April 1989.
Newsletter production, 1988.
Centralized mailing list, 1982-1983.
Newsletter mailing list by country, 1987.
Newsletter mailing list, April 1989.
Action packs:
Breast Is Best: Policy to
Practice, 1983.
Fighting for Infant
Survival, 1989, 1991.
Flyers and packets inserts, 1980-1982.
144.B.16.11B
34
Press releases, 1979-1987.
Breast feeding promotion efforts:
Asian Regional Seminar for the Promotion of
Breastfeeding, Manila, Philippines, September 27-30,
1982.
International Conference on Community-Based Breastfeeding
Mothers Support Group, Montego Bay, Jamaica, November
29-December 2, 1982.
First Caribbean Regional Conference on the Promotion and
Protection of Breastfeeding, Port of Spain, Trinidad, December
5-9, 1982.
IBFAN/IOCU/UNICEF workshops to promote
breastfeeding:
Correspondence and planning, 1978-1983.
IOCU report of phase I (September-November 1980) of
the project to monitor the marketing and promotional
activities of the infant food industry in selected Asian
countries, 1980.
Program proposals by region, undated.
Africa, 1982-1983.
India, 1983.
Middle East, 1982-1983, 1986.
Peru, 1983.
Southeast Asia, 1983.
IOCU pamphlets, 1985-1988.
International Nestlé Boycott Committee (INBC),
1979-1993
In September 1979 INFACT and the National Council of Churches (NCC)
sponsored an international meeting for groups interested in the Nestlé
boycott. The International Nestlé Boycott Committee (INBC) was created
at this meeting. INBC acted as an administrative body, directing the
boycott and protest efforts. It was also the official voice for
negotiations with Nestlé.
144.B.16.10F
33
INBC membership:
Organizing members and first meeting,
1979-1983.
Member meeting, 1979-1983.
Membership, 1982.
Membership drive, March 1983.
Endorsers, single sheet inventory, August 30,
1980.
Unified boycott team, 1979-1982.
Steering Committee meetings, 1980-1982.
144.B.16.12F
35
Steering Committee meetings, 1983-1989.
3 folders.
Administration meetings:
Washington D.C., March 21, 1983.
Gex, France, May 27-29, 1983.
IBFAN international conference: International Baby Milk Campaign: Strategies for
Action, Mexico City, Mexico, February 2-5, 1984.
2 folders.
Boycott and networking files:
Boycott ad in the New York
Times, 1980.
Correspondence, 1980-1992.
Direct mail solicitation, November 1985.
Letters to and replies from thirty-one companies
regarding the WHO/UNICEF code concerning free supplies to
hospitals, November 20, 1985 and 1986.
Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission (NIFAC),
1986-1988.
INBC Europe, 1984-1992.
INBC/IBFAN infant foods marketing survey, October
1985.
INBC marketing survey, 1984.
International file, 1988-1989.
2 folders.
International petition:
Petition, undated and 1983.
Petition drive, 1983.
2 folders.
Position paper, October 4, 1984.
Position paper, undated.
Press releases, 1992-1993.
Update, September 24, 1993.
144.B.16.12F
35
INBC boycott review meeting:
Agenda and meeting preparation, 1984.
Minutes, September 28-29, 1984.
Campaign, September 28-29, 1984.
Implementation, September 28-29, 1984.
Monitoring, September 28-29, 1984.
Negotiations with Nestlé:
Negotiation Advisory Team (NAT) establishment and
membership, 1980-1983.
Correspondence with Nestlé representatives:
F_rer, Arthur, Nestlé SA, 1979, 1981.
Angst, Dr. Carl, General Manager, Nestlé SA,
1983-1984.
Pagan, Rafael, President, Nestlé Coordination Center
on Nutrition (NCCN), 1981-1983.
Between Churchill, Jonathan (INBC Attorney) and
Rafael Pagan, 1983.
Negotiations 1977-1983:
1977-1982.
3 folders.
Questions to Nestlé concerning WHO/UNICEF code of
marketing and Nestlé instructions, July 23,
1982.
1983.
2 folders.
144.B.16.13B
36
Programs for Appropriate Technologies in Health
(PATH), undated and 1983.
Negotiations 1984:
1984.
Nestlé documents, December 15, 1983-January 31,
1984.
INBC documents and notes, December 13, 1983-January
31, 1984.
Notes, January 1984.
Douglas A. Johnson's working notebook on issues of
the joint agreement, January-September 1984.
Nestlé/INBC/UNICEF meeting, January 14,
1984.
Nestlé/INBC follow-up meeting, March 2,
1984.
Nestlé compliance program, 1984.
Nestlé universality meetings, 1984.
Nestlé: "What's Left," 1984.
Tejada plan, 1984.
End of the boycott:
Press conferences regarding the agreement and end of
the boycott, January-October 1984.
Nestlé/INBC joint press conference, October 4,
1984.
Boycott victory press releases, 1984.
UNICEF, 1975-1994
UNICEF was instrumental in the development and promotion of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes. INFACT's files on UNICEF are relatively brief,
being limited to UNCIEF's participation and recommendations concerning
the October 9-12, 1979 meeting and UNICEF's later initiatives concerning
infant feeding. Some of the UNICEF papers reflect the involvement of
other affiliate groups through shared and copied correspondence.
144.B.16.13B
36
General file, 1981-1993.
2 folders.
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, 1992.
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative compliance report, April
29, 1993.
Background information on young child feeding,
1980-1981.
Cables from INCB and ICCR, 1982.
"Campaign for Child Survival," undated.
Sponsored by the U.S. Committee for UNICEF and the Carnegie
Foundation.
Cartoons, undated.
Correspondence:
Barry, Sheila, 1982.
Nestlé, 1982-1983.
Vittachi, Tarzie, 1980.
An End to the Ambiguities: All
Marketing Practices Which Disrupt Breastfeeding Should Be
Stopped, July 1993.
Executive directive regarding breastfeeding,
1989.
Executive director and board members, 1987-1989.
Field directory, 1981-1982.
Guidelines for Emergency Use of Formula, July
1993.
Guidelines on Ending the Distribution of Free and Low Cost
Supplies of Infant Formula to Health Care Facilities,
1992.
Interagency Workshop in Health Care Practices Relating to
Breastfeeding, December 7-9, 1988.
Non-governmental Organization (NGO) Committee on UNICEF
symposium on breastfeeding, April 2-3, 1981.
NGO UNICEF Newsletter, December
1979.
Physicians pledge, 1994.
The Promotion of Breastfeeding,
1980.
144.B.16.13B
36
Protecting, Promoting, and Supporting Breast-feeding: the
Special Role of Maternity Services. Joint WHO/UNICEF Statement,
undated.
Questions and Answers on Infant
Feeding, April 1981.
Report on the Consultation on Breast-feeding and Young Child
Nutrition, June 9-11, 1986.
Status Report on the Implementation of the International Code
of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, Relationship with the Nestlé
Company and Support to NGO Activities, February 7, 1983.
Support of the WHO code, 1980-1983.
UNICEF NEWS "Fighting Child
Malnutrition" part 2 Issue 86/1975/4, 1975.
UNICEF/WHO literature, 1978-1981.
United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries,
Statement by James P. Grant, Executive Director, UNICEF, September
4, 1981.
U.S. State Department vs. UNICEF, December 1985.
UNESCO endorsement, March 1980.
War on Want, 1977-1981
This group of papers pertains to the organization which brought the
infant formula issue to international attention. In 1974 they published
The Baby Killers, an article which made the condemning connection
between infant formula promotion and infant deaths due to "bottle baby"
disease. This report spread to other nations and prompted the beginnings
of pressure on the formula companies. War on Want and Andy Chetley
continued to promote the boycott in England and were involved in INBC
and IBFAN. War on Want papers appear in other series.
144.B.16.13B
36
"Anatomy of a Boycott: A Rejoinder," by Andy Chetley, Food Policy, August 1980.
The Baby Killer, third edition,
August 1977.
The Baby Killer Scandal, by Andy
Chetley, 1979.
Baby milk debate in the House of Commons, 1981.
Correspondence:
Cow and Gate, Ltd., 1979-1980.
General, 1979-1981.
Glaxo, 1980.
International Council of Infant Foods Industries (ICIFI),
undated and 1980-1981.
INFACT, 1978-1980.
Nestlé, 1978-1979.
Digest, 1980-1981.
Funding application for European development education
programme on infant feeding and pharmaceuticals,
undated.
Marketing Infant Formula: a
Bibliography, undated.
booklet.
Infant formula and foods advertisements,
1980-1981.
Newspaper clippings, 1979-1981.
Promotional material, undated.
Flyers, bulletins, letters, etc.
Research outline form, undated.
Response to Nestlé: Anatomy of a
Boycott by Andy Chetley, undated.
World Health Organization (WHO) and World Health Assembly (WHA),
1978-1994
INFACT's files on WHO and WHA contain materials from all INFACT's
affiliate groups. The focus is the Joint WHO/UNICEF Meeting on Infant
and Young Child Feeding, held October 9-12, 1979. This meeting
specifically addressed the infant formula issue and international
regulation of infant formula advertising and distribution. The code
developed out of this meeting went through several revisions and was
adopted in 1981. The code is a recommendation for voluntary action by
companies and nations, since it was determined that WHO had no legal
grounds on which to enforce the code. The majority of these papers date
to immediately before, during, and after the WHO/UNICEF meeting. INFACT
and ICCR participated in the meeting and kept the formal reports and
many notes on the development of the code. There are also records from
the WHO Executive Board and the World Health Assembly (WHA) meetings,
which pertain to infant formula and infant feeding.
144.B.16.13B
36
WHO Informal Session, UNICEF Headquarters, New
York:
Notes and papers [Ed Baer's file], July 24,
1979.
Notes and papers [Leah Margulies' file], July 24,
1979.
144.B.16.14F
37
WHO/UNICEF Meeting on Infant and Young Child
Feeding:
Address by Dr. T. A. Lambo, October 9, 1979.
Background paper, October 9-12, 1979.
Chetley, Andy: Notes, October 9-12, 1979.
ICIFI supplemental background paper, October 9-12,
1979.
INFACT's participation plan and budget, 1979.
INFACT's meeting preparations, 1978-1979.
Invitation to participate, March 1979.
Meeting documents, October 9-12, 1979.
Participants, September 1979.
Statements and submitted papers:
Abbott Laboratories, October 1979.
Bristol-Meyers, October 1979.
ICCR "What We Believe About the WHO/UNICEF Meeting:
Plans and Actions," undated.
ICIFI, October 9-12, 1979.
Labouisse, H. R., October 9, 1979.
Opening statements, October 9, 1979.
Wyeth International, Ltd., October 9,
1979.
WHO statements and recommendations, October
1979.
WHO International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes:
Code drafts, notes, and final versions:
Code for the Marketing of
Breastmilk Substitutes
Draft, February
1980.
Section 2.6 Appropriate Marketing and Distribution of
Infant Formula, Draft,
undated.
International Code for the
Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes,
1981.
International Code for the
Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, April 15,
1985.
"The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes," by Sami Shubber in International Digest of Health Legislation v.
36, n. 4, 1985.
Shubber's analysis of the code.
144.B.16.14F
37
Code implementation, 1981.
Code production, 1980.
Notes of clarification, July 1982.
Notes on the International Code of Marketing of
Breastmilk Substitutes, July 1982.
Critiques of the code drafts #1-4, 1980.
4 folders.
Government and industry response:
Infant formula industry anti-code position,
1980-1981.
[U.S.] government response to the first draft of the
Code for the Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, April 28,
1980.
U.S. government position: Post WHO/UNICEF meeting,
1980-1981.
ICCR/INFACT criticism of the U.S. government and
formula industry, 1981.
Consultations by WHO/UNICEF:
Consultation with experts, February 14-15,
1980.
Consultation with non-governmental organizations
(NGOs), February 22, 1980.
Consultations on draft three, August-September 1980.
2 folders.
Guidance for U.S. delegation to WHO governmental
consultation on infant feeding, Geneva, Switzerland,
September 25-26, 1980.
IBFAN documents/government consultation,
1980.
Definition of need:
Definition of "need," 1982-1985.
Definition of need/free supplies, 1985.
Guidelines on "have to be fed," April 1986.
Code related papers and studies:
Bottles, teats, and pacifiers, 1981.
Breastfeeding promotion, 1978-1979.
Commonwealth/WHO/UNICEF Workshop, Harare, Zimbabwe,
January 17-21, 1983.
"Breastfeeding and Fertility Regulation: Current
Knowledge and Programme Policy Implications," in Bulletin of the World Health
Organization 61:3, 371-382 (1983).
Foods for Infants and Young
Children: a Survey of Relevant National
Legislation, by Dr. J. de Moerloose,
1981.
Guidelines for the Promotion and Facilitation of
Breast-feeding Through the Health Care System, January 27,
1987.
144.B.16.14F
37
Government Legislation and Policies on Pregnancy,
Maternity, Infant Feeding, and Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes, February 1983.
Hazardous Exports, December 21, 1983.
"Interventions for the Control of Diarrhoel Diseases
Among Young Children: Promotion of Breast-feeding," by R. G.
Feachem and M. A. Koblinsky in Bulletin of the World Health Organization 62:2,
271-291 (1984).
Proposal to Amend the Code of Ethics for
International Trade in Food, 1983.
Status of Women and Breastfeeding, 1981.
Strategies for the Legal Implementation of the
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes,
November 10-12, 1982.
United Nations World Food Program, 1984.
WHO Collaborative Study on Breastfeeding: Methods and
Main Results of the First Phase of Study, October
1979.
Correspondence:
Pre October 9-12, 1979 meeting, 1978-1979.
Post October 9-12, 1979 meeting, October 13, 1979-April
30, 1980.
1980-1989.
4 folders.
144.B.16.15B
38
Carballo, Dr. Michael, 1978-1982.
WHO delegates, November 1981.
INFACT/ICCR/INBC interactions:
"Bottle Babies" information day sponsored by ICCR,
October 8, 1979.
Hoye proposal, January 20, 1983.
"Industry Declares War" position paper, April
1981.
Knox documents, undated.
Code regarding breastfeeding encouragement and support.
Reports on the WHO/UNICEF meeting, October 9-12,
1979.
Trip to Geneva, Switzerland, June 19-21,
1979.
Ed Baer, of ICCR, gathering information and building alliances
for upcoming WHO/UNICEF meeting.
WHO hearings, 1979-1980.
WHO packet, 1979.
144.B.16.15B
38
Press:
Press articles, 1976-1982.
3 folders.
Press releases, 1978-1989.
Press releases concerning the WHO executive board,
1981.
WHO regional files:
Regional Committee for Europe, 1982.
Relationships with non-governmental organizations (NGO),
undated and 1980.
Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) meeting, September
20-24, 1982.
WHO executive board:
Transcripts of tapes, 1981-1983.
67th Session:
Draft International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes Endorsement (EB67.R12), January 28,
1981.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Progress Report by
Director General (EB67/19), November 6, 1980.
Members and seating, 1981.
Provisional Summary Record of the 23rd Meeting
(EB67/SR/23), January 27, 1981.
Provisional Summary Record of the 24th Meeting
(EB67/SR/24), January 28, 1981.
Swiss and German position papers, 1981.
71st Session:
Notes and memos, 1982-1983.
Programme of Work Nos. 9, 10, and 12, January 22-26,
1983.
Proposed Programme Budget for the Financial Period
1984-1985 (EB71/43), January 25, 1983.
Provisional Agenda for the 36th WHA
(EB71/Inf.Doc./4), December 1982-January 1983.
Provisional Summary Record of the 19th Meeting
(EB71/SR/19), January 24, 1983.
Report by the Director General (EB71/21), November
11, 1982.
Report of the Standing Committee on Non-governmental
Organizations (EB71/31), January 22, 1983.
81st Session:
Conference Papers, (EB81/Conf. Papers/3, 6), December
1987-January 1988.
Collaboration with Non-governmental Organizations
Report by Director General (EB81/39), November 26,
1987.
144.B.16.15B
38
Provisional Summary Record of the 2nd Meeting,
(EB81/SR/2), January 11, 1988.
85th Session:
Resolution Protecting, Promoting, and Supporting
Breastfeeding (EB85.R8), January 23, 1990.
89th Session:
Code Status Report (EB89/28), 1990-1991.
World Health Assembly (WHA):
Correspondence and notes, 1980-1982, 1984.
2 folders.
U.S. government position, 1980.
ICCR/INFACT criticism of the U.S. government position at
WHA, May 1980.
31st Session:
The Role of the Health Sector in the Development of
National and International Food and Nutrition Policies and
Plans, with Special Reference to Combating Malnutrition
(WHA31.47), May 24, 1978.
33rd Session:
WHO/UNICEF Meeting on Infant and Young Child Feeding
Follow-up Report by the Director General (A33/6 and A33/6
Add.1), April 3 and 24, 1980.
List of Participants (WHA33/Div/3/Rev.1), May 8,
1980.
Committee A: Provisional Summary Record of the 6th,
7th, and 8th Meetings (A33/A/SR/6, 7, & 8), May 16-17,
1980.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Draft Resolution
(A33/A/Conf. Paper No/ 1), May 13 and 22, 1980.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Resolution (WHA33.32),
May 23, 1980.
Study of the Organization's Structures in Light of
Its Functions (WHA33.17), May 21, 1980.
34th Session:
Committee A: 1st and 2nd (Draft) Reports (A34/39 and
A34/42), May 20-21, 1981.
Committee A: Provisional Summary Record of the 7th,
8th, 9th, 13th, and 14th Meetings (A34/A/RDS/7, 8, 9, 13,
14), May 15-21, 1981.
Committee B: Provisional Summary Record of the 2nd
Meeting (A34/B/SR/2), May 12, 1981.
Committee B: 3rd Report (A34/37), May 19,
1981.
Conference Papers Nos. 3, 5, 8, 12, and 13
(A34/A/Conf. Paper 3, 5, 8, 12, 13), May 16-20,
1981.
144.B.16.15B
38
Consolidated Report of the Technical Discussion at
the 34th WHA on "Health System Support for Primary Health
Care" (A34/Tech Disc./4), May 15, 1981.
Draft International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes (A34/8), March 23, 1981.
Draft International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes (A34/Inf. Doc./9-12), May 14-21,
1981.
Resolutions (WHA34.5, 7, 8, 12-17, 22, 23), May
15-21, 1981.
35th Session:
"Countdown for Health for All" address by Dr. H.
Mahler, Director General, WHO (WHA35/Div/4), May 4,
1982.
Committee A: Provisional Summary Record of the 4th,
7th, and 8th Meetings (A35/A/SR/4, 7, 8),
May 10-12, 1982.
Committee A: 3rd Report (A35/40),
May 14, 1982.
Conference Papers/Draft Resolutions (A35/A/Conf.
Paper No. 2),
May 11-12, 1982.
List of Delegates and Other Participants (WHA35/Div/1
and Div 3/Rev. 1),
March 8 and May 6, 1982.
Reports by the Director General (A35/8, 11, 13, 35),
March 30-May 10, 1982.
Resolutions (WHA35.13, 14),
May 12, 1982.
Statements and speeches,
1982.
Task Force on Infant and Young Child Feeding Notes on
the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes (WHA35.26),
1982.
37th Session: Summary Records and Draft Resolutions
(A37),
1984.
38th Session:
List of Delegates and Other Participants,
(WHA38/Div/3/Rev.1),
May 1985.
Committee A: Provisional Summary Record of the 6th
and 7th Meeting (A38/A/SR/6, 7),
May 13-14, 1985.
39th Session:
Report by the Director General (A39/8),
April 7, 1986.
Resolution on Infant and Young Child Feeding
(WHA39.28),
May 16, 1986.
41st Session: May 2-10, 1988.
47th Session: Resolution on Infant and Young Child
Nutrition (WHA47.5),
May 9, 1994.