Manuscripts Collection
General files (1908-1969) contain information on personnel policies and procedures, relations with various unions, wage agreements and salary structures, employment of women and foreign workers, and the labor policies of other railroads. There are also files (1956-1967) relating to the department's work in planning for the company's 1970 merger.
Files on negotiations and agreements document negotiations with the company's principal bargaining units and the agreements and wage schedules that resulted. Mediation and arbitration files (1914-1961) include materials on a number of federal labor board proceedings in which Northern Pacific [NP] was involved.
These documents are organized into the following sections:
Additional records (Miscellaneous labor files of the Minnesota Division, 1903-1945, 1 cubic foot) are held by Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. They are in the Labor-Management Documentation Center, M. P. Catherwood Library.
The records include a letterpress book (1904-1909) containing certificates of examination for conductors and engineers; a letterpress book (1903-1907) recording dismissals and resignations of Minneapolis employees; and 72 claims brought before the Train Service Board of Adjustment.
Records of the Labor Relations Department are also contained in the Miscellaneous Subject Files of the General Manager's records. This series of correspondence contains many files with substantive information on strikes, conferences with labor organizations, the Pullman boycott, and Coxey's Army (1894), among other labor topics.
Accession numbers: 4288; 4289; 4290; 4291; 4292; 4293; 4294; 4295; 4296; 4297; 4298; 4299; 4300; 4301; 4302; 4303; 4304; 4305; 4306; 4307; 4308; 4310; 4314; 4315; 4316; 4317; 4322; 4337; 4338; 4339; 4340; 4341; 4342; 4343; 4344; 4345; 4346; 6131; 6132; 6133; 6134; 6135; 6136; 6137; 6138; 6141; 6142B; 6143; 6144; 6145; 6146; 6148; 6150; 6153; 6154; 6155; 6156; 6157; 6163; 6164; 6165; 6166; 6743; 6744; 6745; 6746; 6747; 6748; 6749; 6750; 6751; 6752; 6753; 6754; 6755; 6756; 6757; 6758; 6759; 6760; 6761; 6762; 6763; 6764; 6765; 6766; 6767; 6776; 6777; 6780; 6781; 6782; 6783; 6785; 6786; 6787; 6791; 6794; 6795; 6796; 6797; 6798; 6799; 6800; 6801; 6802; 6803; 6804; 6805; 6806A; 6806B; 6807; 6808; 6809; 6810; 7639; 7640; 7641; 7642; 7643; 7644; 7645; 7646; 8812; 8823; 8824; 8825; 8826; 8827; 8828; 11,540
Catalog ID number: 001719903
Work on the Northern Pacific Railway Company records was supported with funds granted by the Northwest Area Foundation, the Grotto Foundation, and the Jerome Foundation.
Oral history interview conducted in 1970 by Helen M. White, MHS, with Wigfield and Kallinen, employees of the Northern Pacific Labor Relations Department. The interview gives information on the records of the Labor Relations Department, and on employee claims.
This collection is indexed under the following headings in the catalog of the
Minnesota Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related topics,
persons or places should
Selected files of correspondence, reports, circulars, and miscellany regarding personnel policies and practices, job and salary structures, relations with employees and unions, and other matters affecting the railroad's work force. About half of the files consist of inquiries from other railroads, and the Northern Pacific's replies. Several files relate to the employment of women or foreign workers.
These files were selected from a voluminous series of materials, most of which consisted of routine complaints and literature from other railroads and from the Association of American Railroads.
Correspondence and supporting papers for the order establishing a general pay scale for railroad employees, with subsequent supplements and interpretations.
Includes 6A: Amendment to Supplement No. 6.
Supplement No. 13 supersedes No. 10.
Superseded by Supplement No. 13.
Colored brakemen, and related material.
Supersedes Supplement Nos. 10 and 11.
File in J. Wynn's office.
File in J. Wynn's office.
Mr. Wynn's files.
Supersedes Supplement No. 15. Mr. Wynn's office file.
Supersedes Supplement No. 16. Mr. Wynn's office file.
This file also contains correspondence relating to back pay in connection with G.O. 27.
See Interpretations 3 and 4.
See Interpretations 3, 4 and 11.
See Supplement 12.
See Interpretations 3, 4, 11 and 12.
See Interpretations 3, 4, 11 and 12.
Copies of rulings, interpretations, and related informational circulars issued by the U.S. Department of Labor and the Association of Western Railways in connection with the enforcement of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938; with letters of transmittal and other facilitative correspondence.
Missing No. 4.
No. 15 parts 1-9.
No. 15 parts 10-20.
Mimeographed copies of circulars issued by the Association of Western Railways from August 1948 to August 7, 1950; and March 1956 through January 1957. The circulars, which relate to various agreements, awards, and cases, are arranged in chronological order.
Correspondence, reports, statements, maps and plats, and other background and exhibit materials relating to the merger of the Great Northern, Northern Pacific, Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy, and Spokane, Portland & Seattle railway companies.
Including file No. 1793 and various parts with accompanying prints and plats.
Mimeographed copies of agreements between the Northern Pacific and the various brotherhoods, Nos. 1-239 dating from 1919 to 1953. Printed copies of some decisions and interpretations of the U. S. Railroad Labor Board, 1920-1951 are found in Box 2.
Correspondence relating to claims of linemen, shop craft workers, and stationary engineers and firemen regarding rates of pay, overtime, schedules and assignments, rules and regulations, dismissals, and reinstatements.
All cases subsequent to March 4, 1941, the date that the Electricians' Organization took over Telegraph, Telephone maintenance and construction employees files with the shop craft files.
Includes question raised by Mr. Stevens if this is a schedule position, and for an opinion as to permitting Mr. Roden to return to work.
See file U-1 for agreement.
Modification of effective December 15, 1933.
See file U-1.
See General File No. 288.
Request granted. Includes Question regarding retaining Lambert C. Nystrom, lineman, and August Gohring, groundman, in service account failure to pass satisfactory visual examination, Dr. Jennings recommending that these men be taken out of service.
Related Material: See General File No. 7.
Decided not to agitate matter.
Deduction orders to cover Association dues.
Question a. What is the allowance for carman required to perform service of 1 hour, 30 minutes in advance of regular assignment.
Question b. What is allowance for carman whose assigned hours are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. who performs service 7 a.m. to 6:20 p.m. and is allowed 20 minutes after 5 p.m. for evening meal.
Question a. Car repairer performs service watching engines before and after hours of his regular assignment, also during hours of his regular assignment. How should he be paid?
Question b. Engine watchman, whose assignment is from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. goes in duty at 8:30 p.m. and works through 6 a.m., claiming one call or 3 hours in addition to his regular time. How should he be paid?
What is the rate for machinist, whose regular assignment is 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., who works from 1 p.m. January 1st to 3 a.m. January 2nd?
How should mechanic be paid, whose regular starting time is 7 a.m., who starts working at 5 a.m. and works through his regular shift.
What is overtime rate for machinist assigned 7:30 a.m. to 12 noon and 1 p.m. to 4:30 p.m., who is required to work overtime from 4:30 p.m. to 6 p.m., takes meal period 6 to 6:35 p.m., then works until 8:40 p.m.
When work suspended one hour earlier on Saturday, and 7 hours are actually worked on that day, employees are paid for 7 hours only.
Boiler washer, Seattle, works 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., his regular hours. Is instructed to go to Everett to do some work there and leaves Seattle 4:30 p.m., arrives Everett 6 p.m., goes to work immediately upon arrival and works until 2 a.m. When does his double time period start?
What is allowance to car repairer at Centralis, regularly assigned 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., called to come on duty 5 a.m. to go to Winlock to make repairs to a bad order car. Was occupied from 5 a.m. to 5:40 a.m. getting material ready, from 5:40 to 7:20 a.m. traveling, and from 7:20 to 8 a.m. making repairs to the car.
Complaining account being laid off in reduction of force.
Basis upon which to arrive at the daily rate of an employee who is required to temporarily take the place of a foreman.
Seniority status of Edward Ernest Richards, boiler maker apprentice.
Allowance to be made shop craft employees for time worked on days shops are closed temporarily account reduction in force.
Allowance to be made to mechanics who worked 1 hour, 50 minutes and 6 hours, 15 minutes on day when regular shop forces were not working account shops being closed.
Question of dismissing employee who entered service at Centralia under assumed name.
Request for reinstatement of A. Petty, car inspector, who was discharged from the service for appropriating company property.
Rate of pay of car man starting work prior to midnight and working over a portion of his hours of assignment on Sundays, his regular tour of duty commencing at 11 p.m. Saturday.
Case of James Aigner, employed as car inspector at Parkwater, who was displaced by former Assistant Foreman Rath who was set back to position as mechanic on account of a reduction of supervision at that point.
Interpretation of Rule 22 (g) with reference to seniority of employee laid off account reduction in force.
Case of thermit welder engaged part of his time doing thermit welding, should he be regularly assigned and paid continuously the rate of pay applying to this class of work.
Claim of H. A. Green, regularly assigned wrecker engineer, displaced by Browning Crane Operator, and rate established below the rate of wrecker engineer.
Claim for additional compensation account reduction in rate of pay.
Covering leave of absence of machinist who asked for ninety days leave and roundhouse foreman gave him an undefinite leave, he not returning to service until a year had expired.
Covering claim that apprentices who have been assigned to differential or preferred positions should be removed and given opportunity to learn the trade.
Covering seniority status of train electricians and shop electricians at Como shops.
Claim of W. C. Irvin, laborer Helena roundhouse, for painters' rate account being required to paint cylinders.
Complaint of J. M. Wells, machinist at Brainerd Shops, account of not being promoted to the position of Material Supervisor. Also complaint from Mr. Wells account not being promoted to position of Machine Shop Foreman at Brainerd.
Question of proper application of rates for overtime, Sunday and Holiday service.
Ruling of General Mechanical Superintendent on the question of rate of pay for two car men employed on passenger refrigerator car repair work at Seattle.
Request for removal of disabilities of boilermaker A. Munn.
Complaint of Peter Peterson, M. J. Cochran, Brainerd Shops, that they have not been given an opportunity to complete their apprenticeship.
Question of allowance of expenses to car man sent from Lewiston to Reubens, where he worked fourteen days on relief work.
Ruling of General Mechanical Superintendent on payment for triple valve test rack work at Butte.
Ruling of General Mechanical Superintendent on allowance to car man working from 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Saturday afternoon at point where Car Department were then working on a 5 1/2 day per week working basis.
In computing the allowance on apprenticeship period the actual hours only should be computed and overtime on Sundays and holidays on straight time basis.
Rate paid coach cleaner at South Bend. See Stationary Engineers file No. 7.
Using laborers in supplying passenger trains.
December 15, Joint System Board of Adjustment: Payment of time to man sent out on line to perform service, if relieved from duty 5 hours or more and subsequent correspondence.
December 16, Reductions of force: seniority.
December 17, Meals away from headquarters.
December 18, Discipline of L. F. Kerpies in connection with repairs to engine 2233 at Missoula.
Traveling Time-keeper report Idaho Division May 1926, No. 6.
Works from 4 p.m. to midnight (his regular shift being 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.). How should he be paid?
Rate for engine watchmen on Camas Prairie on work train. M. W. file No. 10.
Allowance to engine watchmen for work beyond the period of his regular shift (in place of his brother) both cases at Everett.
Each docket contains a single claim, whether by an individual or a group of co-workers, against the Northern Pacific charging it with a violation of labor agreements or general NP employee work rules. Each file contains a joint statement of facts prepared by the NP System Board of Adjustment which adjudicated each claim. The System Board of Adjustment was composed of 2 railway appointees and 2 appointees of the NP Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks, Freight Hanglers, Express and Station Employees. Each file also contains briefs of the railway and brotherhood positions on the claim, a legal opinion prepared for the System Board, the Board's decision, and the decision of the National Railroad Adjustment Board in those cases where the System Board could not reach a decision. These National Board decisions are all dated 1935.
Includes copy of 1930 agreement between Northern Pacific and clerks establishing System of Board of Adjustment.
Correspondence, reports, and miscellaneous papers relating to negotiations over clerks' schedules (1920-1922), maintenance of way schedules (1908-1922), and salary increases for subordinate officials (1918-1922).
Index precedes files.
Index precedes files.
Correspondence, circulars, reports, notices, and background information regarding negotiations on various agreements, rates of pay, rule changes, and working conditions.
Index precedes files.
Continuation of series in Box 2.
Index precedes files.
Correspondence, memorandums, compilations of background data, Association of Western Railways circulars, and related materials regarding negotiations with engineers, firemen, and maintenance personnel over pay scales and staffing assignments for diesel locomotives; titled "engineers' diesel request of March 24, 1939," file no. 74. Index precedes files in Box 1.
Correspondence, mimeographed circulars and statements, agreements, memoranda, and similar documents regarding negotiations with various labor unions over wages, benefits, overtime provisions, working conditions and rules, work schedules, and related matters. Files 1-36 are missing.
Correspondence and memoranda regarding employees' claims for overtime pay and other compensation related to changes in work schedules, submitted by the Spokane, Portland & Seattle railway to the assistants to the vice presidents of the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern.
Contract, correspondence, and maps regarding negotiations with the Willapa Logging Railroad Company (affiliate of Weyerhaeuser Timber Company) to use the Northern Pacific's South Bend Branch (Willapa Harbor line) between Pluvius and Willapa, Washington, utilizing its own men and equipment; and correspondence and exhibits (mimeographed statements) regarding a case filed by Northern Pacific employee unions with the National Railroad Adjustment Board [NRAB] to obtain reimbursement for compensation lost as a result of not being assigned to this service.
Correspondence regarding employees' claims for overtime pay and other compensation as a result of changes in work schedules and assignments, submitted by Minnesota and International [M&I] employees to or through the Northern Pacific personnel offices.
Notices, forms, reports, correspondence, and miscellany regarding a fifteen percent reduction in rates of pay for employees of Northern Pacific and its subsidiaries. Includes statements and date furnished to the Association of Western Railways regarding current rates of pay, mileage limitations, and numbers of locomotives in use; and transcripts of the proceedings of the President's Emergency Board regarding the reduction, September 30-October 17, 1938.
Includes carrier's notices of May 12, 1938, for a reduction of present rates of compensation, including arbitraries, special allowances and all other forms of money payments, fifteen percent, effective July 1, 1938; also notice of September 15, 1938, that reductions would be made October 1, 1938. Carrier's notice of November 10, 1938, withdrawing notices for reduction.
Arranged numerically by file subdivision.
Reduction of present rates of compensation, including arbitraries, special allowances and all other forms of money payments, fifteen percent, effective July 1, 1938. Handled by Great Northern Railway during the year 1938.
Reduction of present rates of compensation, including arbitraries, special allowances, and all other forms of money payments, fifteen percent, effective July 1, 1938. Handled by Mr. Christoffer during the year 1938.
Reduction of present rates of compensation, including arbitraries, special allowances, and all other forms of money payments, fifteen percent, effective July 1, 1938. Handled by Southern Pacific and Union Pacific during the year 1938.
Reduction of present rates of compensation, including arbitraries, special allowances, and all other forms of money payments, fifteen percent, effective July 1, 1938. Handled by Great Northern during the year 1938.
Reduction of present rates of compensation, including arbitraries, special allowances, and all other forms of money payments, fifteen percent, effective July 1, 1938. Handled by Soo Line during the year 1938.
Reduction of present rates of compensation, including arbitraries, special allowances, and all other forms of money payments, fifteen percent, effective July 1, 1938. Notices not served on employees of Associations of Bureaus under the jurisdiction of the Western Association of Railway Executives.
Request of May 18, 1938, for a ten percent increase and changes in certain schedule rules.
Request of May 13, 1938, for an eight cent per hour increase to offset differential in rates of pay between eastern and western signal department employees.
Request of May 18, 1938, for a ten percent increase and changes in certain schedule rules.
Statement as requested in Special Circular of June 14, 1938, showing current rates of pay per day for conductors, trainmen, yardmen, engineers, firemen and hostlers in effect June 1, 1938.
Dated August 12, 1938, from Chairman Enochs requesting data as to operations, employees and their rates of pay and related materials for five intercity for hire trucking companies and two interstate for hire bus companies doing business in Northern Pacific territory.
Mr. Schneider's Circular No. 116-66 of July 4, 1938, together with forms NRAB-1, -2, -3, and -4 showing cost of awards rendered by the First, Second, Third and Fourth Divisions of the N.R.A.B. on Northern Pacific and Camas Prairie cases; also forms NRAB-5 showing cost to the Northern Pacific of applying awards issued by the NRAB covering cases arising on other railroads that have been made effective on the Northern Pacific.
Forms R-1 and R-2 showing the number of employees and rates of pay as of March 1, 1938, for the Northern Pacific and Big Fork & International Falls Railways, as requested by Mr. Schneider in Circular No. 198-3.
Forms R-1 and R-2 showing the number of employees and rates of pay as of March 1, 1938, for the Duluth Union Depot & Transfer Company, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-3.
Forms R-1 and R-2 showing the number of employees and rates of pay as of March 1, 1938, for the Lake Superior Terminal & Transfer Company, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-3.
Forms R-1 and R-2 showing the number of employees and rates of pay as of March 1, 1938, for the M&I and BF&IF Railways, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular 198-3.
Statements showing current rates of pay for conductors, trainmen, yardmen, engineers, firemen and hostlers, on the Northern Pacific and M&I Railways, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-4 on June 14, 1938.
Form ML-1(1938) showing mileage limitations (schedule or temporary) actually in effect for employees in engine, train and yard service as of June 15, 1938, covering the Northern Pacific Railway, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-5 of June 22, 1938.
Form ML-1(1938) showing mileage limitations (schedule or temporary) actually in effect for employees in engine, train and yard service as of June 15, 1938, covering the Lake Superior Terminal & Transfer Company, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-5 of June 22, 1938.
Form ML-1(1938) showing mileage limitations (schedule or temporary) actually in effect for employees in engine, train and yard service as of June 15, 1938, covering the M&I and BF&IF Railways, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-5 of June 22, 1938.
Form LW-1(1938) covering the Northern Pacific Railway showing the number of steam, electric and diesel locomotives in the respective ranges of weights on drivers in use in passenger, through freight, local freight and yard service as of June 15, 1938, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-6 of June 22, 1938.
Form LW-1(1938) covering the Duluth Union Depot & Transfer Company showing the number of steam, electric and diesel locomotives in the respective ranges of weights on drivers in use in passenger, through freight, local freight and yard service as of June 15, 1938, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-6 of June 22, 1938.
Form LW-1(1938) covering the LST&T Company showing the number of steam, electric and diesel locomotives in the respective ranges of weights on drivers in use in passenger, through freight, local freight and yard service as of June 15, 1938, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-6 of June 22, 1938.
Form LW-1(1938) covering the M&I and BF&IF Railways, showing the number of steam, electric and diesel locomotives in the respective ranges of weights on drivers in use in passenger, through freight, local freight and yard service as of June 15, 1938, as requested by Mr. Schneider in his Circular No. 198-6 of June 22, 1938.
Covering transcripts of proceedings of the Emergency Board.
Correspondence, reports, and supporting documentation regarding employees' claims and company policies in connection with changes in work schedules, work assignments, and working conditions, submitted by LST&T employees to or through the NP personnel offices.
Correspondence regarding employees' claims for overtime pay and other compensation as a result of changes in work schedules and assignments, submitted by Duluth Union Depot employees to or through the NP personnel offices.
Three briefs requesting the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission [ICC] to amend or interpret its orders defining work as that of employee or subordinate official, to include work of ore dock foreman and laborers employed by Addison Miller at Superior Ore Docks.
Correspondence and legal and supporting papers regarding a claim by the Switchmen's Union of North America for compensation lost when a yard crew at the St. Paul Union Depot was terminated and its work was performed instead by employees of the tenant railroads. The case was prepared for the National Railroad Adjustment Board (docket 9053) on October 23, 1959, but was never submitted. The supporting papers date from 1940-1959.
Printed and mimeographed transcripts of proceedings of various wage, benefits, and rules cases.
Arranged chronologically by year of case.
Includes carriers brief and official papers.
Wage increase case.
Rule changes case.
Wage dispute. Includes briefs.
Wage increase case.
Wage increase and additional paid vacation days case.
More than one class of road service case.
Alleged violation of diesel agreements case.
Wage increase case.
Request for rule changes case.
Foremen's differential case. Includes briefs.
Wage adjustment case. Includes carriers post-hearing brief.
Printed and mimeographed transcripts of proceedings of various wage, benefits, rules, and force reduction cases brought by labor unions against individual railroads or groups of railroads.
Missing volume 26.
Transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the wage-rules case of the engineers and trainmen v designated railroads.
Transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of this wage rules case against designated railroads. Includes volumes 1-33, appendix and carriers' exhibits 1-36, a, and c.
Printed transcript of proceedings in New York, N.Y. of diesel firemen and enginemen v designated railroads. Includes volumes 1-41 and appendix.
Printed transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers v designated railroads.
Printed transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the conductors and trainmen v designated railroads. Includes volumes 1-49 and appendix.
Mimeographed transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the railroad yardmasters 40-hour week case. Includes volumes 1-10 and carriers' brief.
Printed transcript of proceedings in Washington, D.C. of the Brotherhood of Firemen and Enginemen v designated railroads.
Transcript of proceedings in Washington, D.C. of this case against designated railroads.
Printed transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of this case of fifteen cooperating railway labor organizations (non-operating) v designated railroads. Includes volumes 1-38 and appendix.
Mimeographed transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois. Includes volumes 1-11 and report to the President.
Transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen v designated railroads wage-rules case.
Transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the Brotherhood of Firemen and Enginemen v designated railroads wage-rules case.
Transcript of proceedings of this case against designated railroads.
Transcript of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v designated railroads wage-rules case.
Mimeographed transcripts of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of the Switchmen's Union of North America v Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company and other carriers wage adjustment case. Includes 13 volumes of proceedings and 1 volume post hearing brief for the carriers.
Mimeographed transcripts of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of this case against designated railroads. Includes volumes 1-20, report to the President, pre-hearing brief for the carriers, and employees' brief.
Mimeographed transcripts of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of this case against designated railroads.
Mimeographed transcripts of proceedings in Chicago, Illinois of this case arguing that no position be abolished or discontinued except by agreement.
Mimeographed transcripts of proceedings in New York, New York of this case arguing that no position be abolished or discontinued except by agreement. Volumes 1-12. Missing volume 7.
Printed copies of decisions by the Southwestern Regional Train Service Board of Adjustment and the Canadian Railway Board of Adjustment on employee claims regarding compensation, work assignments, scheduling, and disciplinary action.
Correspondence and supporting papers covering rates of pay, rules, working conditions, and decisions for the various classifications of railroad workers. The material is primarily for the 1920s and 1930s, however, the clerks file B5 does contain material from 1920 to 1957. An index giving specific contents of each file is in box 1.
Missing Nos. G-H.
Missing Nos. O-P.
Arranged by division, thereunder by award number.
Mimeographed transcripts of proceedings of cases brought before the board regarding wages and rules for various classes of railroad employee.
Mimeographed transcripts of the commission's proceedings (hearings), distributed by the Association of Western Railways Committee on Labor Relations as its circular 918-15.
The Presidential Railroad Commission was established under Executive Order No. 10891 to investigate disputes resulting from notices served by the railroads on their employees announcing their desire to revise rules and agreements regarding salaries and work assignments.