Subject topical terms should conform to a standardized list whenever possible. Terms not included below or in the local terms list of Appendix 99-12 should be considered one of the following:

Geographic subject headings that are found in Minnesota Place Names should be constructed according to the rules in the Subject Cataloging Manual and coded as LC Compatible - 651 _ 0 . A list of LC compatible geographic subject headings will not be maintained.

Use MARC coding 691 _ _ for non-current geographic names, when they are pertinent to the item at hand, and add the corresponding 651 for the current name. Use also for artificial constructs such as the tourism regions.

Headings of questionable designation should be brought to the authority control committee.

This document covers the following MHS local practice for specific topics and subdivisions:

A. MARC FIELDS AND CODING FOR SUBJECT HEADINGS

The following coding and source lists should be used for producing catalog records.

B. PERIOD SUBDIVISIONS

Description and Travel

Follow the instructions in SCM H 1530 for assigning the subdivision “- Description and travel.”

For non-Minnesota places use only period subdivisions found in the online subject authority file.

MHS Local Practice - As a general rule, when the subdivision “-Description and travel” is used under the name of a Minnesota place, further subdivide the heading by a period subdivision appropriate to the work being cataloged. Assign two headings of this nature if necessary. If three or more periods relate to the work, assign the heading without a period subdivision.

Past practice for library catalogers was to code as 651 _ 0 to make headings print on cards.

As an exception to the period subdivisions established by LC, follow these guidelines for period subdivisions for Minnesota places.

Economic conditions

MHS Local Practice - When the subdivision “-Economic conditions” is used under the name of a Minnesota place, further subdivide the heading by a period subdivision appropriate to the work being cataloged. Assign two headings of this nature if necessary. If three or more periods relate to the work, assign the heading without a period subdivision. Follow these guidelines for period subdivisions for Minnesota places.

Past practice for library catalogers was to code as 651 _ 0 to make headings print on cards.

As an exception to the period subdivisions established by LC, follow these guidelines for period subdivisions for Minnesota places.

History

Follow the instructions in SCM H 1647 for assigning the subdivision “-History.”

For non-Minnesota places use only period subdivisions found in the online subject authority file.

MHS Local Practice - As a general rule, when the subdivision “-History” is used under the name of a Minnesota place, further subdivide the heading by a period subdivision appropriate to the work being cataloged. Assign two headings of this nature if necessary. If three or more periods relate to the work, assign the heading without a period subdivision.

Past practice for library catalogers was to code as 651 _ 0 to make headings print on cards.

As an exception to the period subdivisions established by LC, follow these guidelines for period subdivisions for Minnesota places.

Politics and government

Follow the instructions in SCM H 1942 for assigning the subdivision “-Politics and government.”

For non-Minnesota places use only the period subdivisions found in the online subject authority file.

MHS Local Practice - As a general rule, when the subdivision “-Politics and government” is used under the name of a Minnesota place, further subdivide the heading by a period subdivision appropriate to the work being cataloged. Assign two headings of this nature if necessary. If three or more periods relate to the work, assign the heading without the period subdivision.

Past practice for library catalogers was to code as 651 _ 0 to make headings print on cards.

As an exception to the period subdivisions established by LC, follow these guidelines for period subdivisions for Minnesota places.

Social conditions

Follow the instructions in SCM H 2055 for assigning the subdivision “-Social conditions.”

For non-Minnesota places use only the period subdivisions found in the online subject authority file.

MHS Local Practice - As a general rule, when the subdivision “-Social conditions” is used under the name of a Minnesota place, further subdivide the heading by a period subdivision appropriate to the work being cataloged. Assign two headings of this nature if necessary. If three or more periods relate to the work, assign the heading without the period subdivision.

Past practice for library catalogers was to code as 651 _ 0 to make headings print on cards.

As an exception to the period subdivisions established by LC, follow these guidelines for period subdivisions for Minnesota places.

Social life and customs

Follow the instructions in SCM H 2057 for assigning the subdivision “-Social life and customs.”

For non-Minnesota places use only the period subdivisions found in the online subject authority file.

MHS Local Practice - As a general rule, when the subdivision “-Social life and customs” is used under the name of a Minnesota place, further subdivide the heading by a period subdivision appropriate to the work being cataloged. Assign two headings of this nature if necessary. If three or more periods relate to the work, assign the heading without the period subdivision.

Past practice for library catalogers was to code as 60 _ 0 to make headings print on cards.

As an exception to the period subdivisions established by LC, follow these guidelines for period subdivisions for Minnesota places.

C. FAMILY HISTORIES

Library Section Practice

For family histories of an individual family (i.e., those classed in CS71, CS90, etc.) assign a heading in the form “[surname] family.” (C.f. Family Names below).

If more than one family is named on the title page, make a separate entry for each family.

If a progenitor is named on the title page, also assign a subject heading for the person. Headings in the form “Smith family (William Smith, 1660-1743)” are no longer valid.

If there is explicit evidence that the family history is limited to the family in a particular state in the United States, to a particular province in Canada, or to a particular country in other cases, also assign a subject heading in the form “[state, province, or country]-Genealogy.” Understand “explicit evidence” generally to mean that the place is named on the title page and that at least 75% of the text deals with the family in that place. Exception: do not assign the heading “Minnesota-Genealogy” to an individual family history. A work dealing with the family in a particular place in Minnesota may be assigned the heading “[place]-Genealogy” (e.g. Fillmore County (Minn.)-Genealogy) if it meets the definition of explicit evidence as stated above.

Archival Section Practice

For collections of personal papers that include family letters or otherwise provide information on family members, assign headings in the form “[surname] family” for the families most prominently featured in the papers.

To justify assigning the heading “[place] - Genealogy,” the collection must have an explicit genealogical component that fits the definition of “explicit evidence” above, to justify adding the heading [place] - Genealogy.

For individual manuscript genealogies or family histories, follow library practice. Such individual works are given the manuscripts catalog number P500-xxx.

Unauthorized Family Names

In choosing the form of family name to use as a subject heading, MHS practice is to balance two needs: (a) collocation of variant forms of the family name across holdings and repositories, and (b) honoring the form of name as used by the family or by the creator of a donated family history.

Use the preferred form of family name as found in the LC Name Authority File. If the form as found in the collection or work at hand is different, make a second heading for that form. Since the MARC format makes no provision for local forms of personal/family names as subjects, code these local variants as follows.

Where there is no conflict or x-ref in LCNAF code as 600  3 0.

D. GENEALOGIES

Follow the instructions in SCM H 1631 for genealogical materials with the following exceptions:

1. The heading “Genealogy”

Use the subdivision “-Handbooks, manuals, etc.” under the subject heading Genealogy for general “how to” works on genealogy. (N. B. this subdivision is not authorized for use with genealogy, hence the following coding).

2. The subdivision “-Genealogy”

Use the form subdivision “-Genealogy” for works that include documentary source materials that can be used by persons tracing their family histories, e.g., census records, birth and death records, marriage records, and the like. This replaces the former subdivision “Genealogy-Sources.”

If the work contains a specific type of source material other than birth and/or death records, and an LC subject heading exists for that type of record, assign the subject heading subdivided by place in addition to using Registers of births, etc.

Example:

Archival Practice

For government records use the Standard Terms for Local Government Records Cataloging list.

Assign headings in the form [state, province, etc.]-Genealogy, and [country]-Genealogy only to collective genealogical works relating to the state, etc., or the country, not to histories of individual families resident in those places. Follow the instructions under Family Histories, above, to determine if the heading [place] - Genealogy should be added.

E. MAPS AND ATLASES

F. MINNESOTA GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS

For works dealing with only a portion of Minnesota, assign one or more of the following headings, up to a maximum of three, as necessary to bring out the focus on the region of the state. The headings are based generally on the state's regional development regions. If more than three regions are involved, do not divide below the state level. For associated geographic codes see Appendix 99-03.

If fewer than four counties in a particular region are involved, assign the county names instead of the region.

The regions also may be used as geographic subdivisions under other subject headings.

All subject headings for these regions, or with these regions as subdivisions, should be coded 691 _ _ / 690 _ _ with the exception of Arrowhead Region, Twin Cities Metropolitan Area and North Shore, which are coded 651 _ 0 / 650 _ 0. If, in the cataloger's judgment, the subject heading should remain on the OCLC database, input the record using Minnesota in place of these region headings and then edit the PALS record to replace Minnesota with the appropriate region.

Twin Cities Metropolitan Area

The Library of Congress has deleted the heading “Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (Minn.)” for use as a subject heading and as a geographic subdivision, using instead the two headings Minneapolis Metropolitan Area (Minn.) and Saint Paul Metropolitan Area (Minn.).

MHS will continue to use Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (Minn.) as a subject heading and as a geographic subdivision for works dealing with the seven-county metropolitan area over which the Metropolitan Council exercises its jurisdiction, as well as works that take in some of the surrounding territory, such as census publications dealing with the Bureau of the Census's Minneapolis-St. Paul Statistical Metropolitan Area. Treat it as an LC subject heading and code in 651 or 650, not in 69x.

For works dealing only with that portion of the area generally associated with Minneapolis (i.e., Hennepin, Anoka, Carver, and Scott counties, plus counties outside the TCMA abutting them), use Minneapolis Metropolitan Area (Minn.); for works dealing only with that portion of the area generally associated with Saint Paul (i.e., Ramsey, Dakota, and Washington counties, plus counties outside the TCMA abutting them), use Saint Paul Metropolitan Area (Minn.). As valid LC headings these are coded 651 and 650.

Arrowhead Region (Minn.)

Because the name of this region has strong warrant in common usage and in printed sources, MHS will code it in 651 _ 0 / 650 _ 0, not in 69x, and will submit it to LC as part of the NACO funnel project.

North Shore (Minn.)

Because the name of this region has strong warrant in common usage and in printed sources, MHS will code it in 651 _ 0 / 650 _ 0 , not in 69x, and will submit it to LC as part of the NACO funnel project.

A map of these regions is available at:
http://wwwmnhs.org/library/processingmanual/images/rdcrequest.jpg

In addition to the Arrowhead Region (above), there are five Minnesota tourism regions, arbitrarily established and named by the state Tourism Office and/or local promoters. MHS has used, and will continue to use, the following geographic headings when cataloging items or files that pertain directly, by name, to one or more of these regions. They have been variously coded as 651 and 691 in the MHS catalog, but the proper coding is 691 _ _ .

G. MINNESOTA TOWNSHIPS

Minnesota township names are constructed in accordance with LCRI 23.2: Modifications of the Name (5), for establishing the names of U.S. townships. Do not include the term “Town” or “Township” as part of the name. Instead, add the term after the qualifying state name.

In establishing township names, cite the form found in Upham's Minnesota Place Names. If the township is not found there, cite the form found in Minnesota Township List (PROCESSING JS451 .M63 .M652).

H. STREETS AND ROADS

Follow the instructions in SCM H 2098 for establishing the names of streets and roads, with the exception of Minnesota state highways and county roads.

Establish Minnesota state highways in the form Minnesota State Highway Number [number]. Establish county roads in the form [county] Road Number [number] (Minn.). Code both as 651.

For state highways also assign the subject heading Roads-Minnesota. If the work is limited to the highway in a particular area of the state, further subdivide the heading by the appropriate geographic subdivision.