Vietnamese Community of Minnesota

Creator:
Two rows and two clumns of people march on the Minnesota state capitol grounds carrying wreaths and flags. The capitol rises in the background against a blue sky.
Marchers carry flags and wreaths with the design of the flag of the South Vietnamese government (1949–1975) during Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration at the Minnesota State Capitol, April 30, 2018. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.

Established in 1981 by first-wave Vietnamese immigrants, Vietnamese Community of Minnesota (Cộng Đồng Người Việt Minnesota) is a non-profit organization that supports Vietnamese Minnesotans through cultural events, education, networking, and other initiatives. It holds multiple cultural events each year, aiming to preserve Vietnamese cultural heritage and promote cross-cultural relations with other Minnesota communities.

After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, Minnesota became one of the major host states for Vietnam War refugees through the Indochinese Refugee Resettlement Office. In 1981, the office was renamed the Refugee Programs Office, and in the same year, Phạm Văn Vy and other first-wave Vietnamese immigrants established Vietnamese Community of Minnesota (VCM) in the Twin Cities. VCM was created to preserve and enrich Vietnamese culture, to unify the state’s Vietnamese populations, and to foster cross-cultural cooperation and understanding. In 2004, VCM revised this mission to include advocacy for the socioeconomic influence and wellbeing of the Vietnamese community.

In the late 1980s, the effort to preserve the Vietnamese language and cultural heritage began in Minnesota. With VCM’s help, the state’s first Vietnamese church, St. Joseph Hiển in Minneapolis, and its first Vietnamese temple, Phật Ân Temple in Roseville, offered Vietnamese language classes to younger generations every Sunday after services. In 2013, due to growing demands for Vietnamese classes, a group of teachers founded the Vietnamese Language School—again with VCM support. (After Aŋpétu Téča Education Center opened in Roseville in 2021, the school began holding classes in the building.)

In addition to its educational efforts, VCM holds several cultural and networking events annually. Since 1981, the organization has hosted the Lunar New Year (Tết) Festival. The event has been held at various locations in Minnesota, including Union Depot in St. Paul and, more recently, Burnsville Center. The festival features traditional Vietnamese clothing (áo dài), cultural performances by Vietnamese musicians and entertainers, dragon dances, vendors, and children’s activities. VCM’s other annual community events—all of them open to the public—include the Spring Festival Fair, the Summer Festival, and tennis, soccer, and pickleball tournaments.

By 2023, the population of Vietnamese Minnesotans had grown to more than 33,000. Amid this growth, VCM began hosting small gatherings as well as large events, and providing resources to the community. In August 2023, the organization created the VCM Senior Group, which hosted senior meetings biweekly at its office. (After the office building was sold in 2024, VCM relocated these meetings to a rented park facility in Brooklyn Park.) The Senior Group allows seniors in the community to socialize, access resources and information, and participate in activities tailored to their interests and needs.

In August 2023, Tri Tang was elected the president of VCM. Over the next two years, his leadership strengthened the organization’s community activities and outreach through collaboration with other Vietnamese organizations in Minnesota, including Vietnamese Social Services, the Vietnamese Language School, Vietnamese student associations, and Vietnamese veterans organizations.

April 30, 2025, marked fifty years since the end of the Vietnam War. In response, VCM held a Black April (Tháng Tư Đen) commemoration event at the Minnesota State Capitol. A flag-carrying event took place, and Vietnam War veterans and their families attended. Leaders of the organization also traveled to Washington, DC, to further the organization’s efforts for the federal recognition and support of Vietnam War veterans.

Also in 2025, the Council on Asian Pacific Minnesotans (CAPM) honored VCM with an Outstanding Service Award for its leadership, service, and impact across communities. Later that year, in an effort to preserve the history of Vietnamese in Minnesota and strengthen the community, the organization supported the establishment of the Vietnamese Minnesotan Museum.

The organization has also collaborated with communities and institutions outside of the community: other Asian communities in Minnesota, Minnesota legislators, the Minnesota Humanities Center, and the Minnesota Historical Society. These collaboration efforts seek to unite and strengthen the community’s partnerships and identity.

As of 2026, VCM has yet to secure a permanent location and operates with the help of volunteers. Over the past two years, it has advocated for state funding from the state of Minnesota. It shares this effort to gain state recognition and cultural funding with other Southeast Asian communities, such as Cambodians and Laotians, affected by the Vietnam War and the Laotian Civil War.

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Cite
Mai, Elena. "Vietnamese Community of Minnesota." MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/group/vietnamese-community-of-minnesota
Print This Page
First Published: March 12, 2026
Last Modified: March 12, 2026

Bibliography

CBS News (WCCO). “Vietnamese Community of Minnesota Reflect on 50 Years Since War's End.”
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/video/vietnamese-community-of-minnesota-reflect-on-50-years-since-wars-end

Derosier, Alex. “Families of Cambodians, Lao, Vietnamese Affected by ‘Secret War’ Seek Wider State Recognition.” St. Paul Pioneer Press, March 26, 2025.
https://www.twincities.com/2025/03/26/cambodians-lao-vietnamese-secret-war-state-recognition

Eldred, Sheila Mulrooney, and Ibrahim Hirsi. “Looking Back at Minnesota’s Refugee History.” Mpls.St.Paul magazine, December 19, 2021.
https://mspmag.com/arts-and-culture/looking-back-at-minnesotas-refugee-history

Le, Pauleen. “Vietnamese Community of Minnesota Celebrating Tết Festival in Burnsville.” CBS News (WCCO), January 10, 2025.
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/vietnamese-community-test-festival-burnsville

——— . “Vietnam 50 Years Later: Minnesota Welcomes War Refugees with Open Arms.” CBS News, May 5, 2025.
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/minnesota-vietnam-war-refugee-history

McLister, Frankie. “Minnesota State Capitol Event Commemorates 50 Years Since End of Vietnam War.” CBS News. April 29, 2025.
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/vietnam-war-50-years-minnesota-state-capitol

Nguyen, Martino, former external liaison director and program director of VCM, founder and program director of the Vietnamese Minnesotan Museum. E-mail message to the author, November 13, 2025.

Tang, Tri, president of VCM. Email message to the author, November 17, 2025.

——— . Email message to the author, February 11, 2026.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota.
https://vietnam-minnesota.org

Vietnamese Minnesotan Museum.
https://www.vietmnmuseum.com

Vietnamese Population by State 2026. World Population Review.
https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/vietnamese-population-by-state

All Minnesotans: Vietnamese Population. Minnesota Compass.
https://www.mncompass.org/topics/demographics/cultural-communities/vietnamese

Related Resources

Primary

OH 51
Asians in Minnesota Oral History Project: Interview with Vy Pham
Description: Interview conducted on July 7, 1979, with Vy Pham (Phạm Văn Vy), who founded the organization Vietnamese Community of Minnesota in 1981. Vy discusses the long struggle of the Vietnamese for independence; the organization of the labor movement; the differences between the Vietnamese and American labor movements; Vietnamese family life; and his impressions of Minnesota.
https://www.mnhs.org/collection-record?uuid=a3ec5093-c83a-45c9-8282-187c3f498f5e

Secondary

Lee, Erika. The Making of Asian America: A History. Simon & Schuster, 2015.

Related Images

Two rows and two clumns of people march on the Minnesota state capitol grounds carrying wreaths and flags. The capitol rises in the background against a blue sky.
Marchers carry flags and wreaths with the design of the flag of the South Vietnamese government (1949–1975) during Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration at the Minnesota State Capitol, April 30, 2018. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
Two women in traditional Vietnamese dress (purple and red with flowers) stand in front of an event booth, with a woman and child visible at left.
Women at Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Lunar New Year celebration at Kennedy High School in Bloomington, 2010. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
A woman in white traditional Vietnamese dress stands alone on a dance floor as a band performs behind her (right) and an audience looks on (background and foreground).
Greenfield Band performs to accompany a contestant in a Miss Vietnamese traditional dress (áo dài) competition, held at U-Garden Restaurant in St. Paul as part of Vietnamese Community of Minnesota's annual Lunar New Year celebration on January 27, 2010. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
In a black-and-white photograph below black text, six people sit in what appears to be a boat, with water and sky in the background.
Flier advertising Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration and rally at the Minnesota State Capitol, April 30, 2015. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “Each year, VCM organizes at least three major community events: the Lunar New Year celebration (for all ages), the Black April commemoration (for our Vietnam war veterans), and the Mid-Autumn Festival (for children).” Flier created by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
People in traditional Vietnamese dress stand next to a procession of more people led by two leaders holding colorful decorations on poles.
Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Lunar New Year at Union Depot in St. Paul, 2018. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “This photo was taken at the 2018 Lunar New Year celebration, highlighting the beauty and traditions of a traditional Vietnamese wedding ceremony. One of our core missions is to preserve and share Vietnamese cultural heritage so that the younger generation can understand and appreciate their roots. Today, many Vietnamese American families in the United States continue to honor and practice these meaningful wedding traditions.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
A row of people in colorful dress stand in front of equally colorful decorations and the words "Happy New Year 2024."
Vietnamese Community of Minnesota celebrates Lunar New Year, 2024. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “I was honored to be elected president in August 2023. My first major initiative was organizing the Lunar New Year Celebration in January 2024. This photo was taken at the 2024 Lunar New Year event held at Burnsville Center on January 27 and 28, 2024—our first celebration of its kind, drawing more than 20,000 attendees. The event received significant media coverage from FOX 9, WCCO, the Minnesota Star Tribune, and other local news outlets. We were grateful for the recognition and positive feedback from fellow Southeast Asian communities, legislators, and the broader public. It was a proud and historic moment for our community.” Photo courtesy of VCM.
Three women wearing traditional Laotian dress hold up piece signs in front of a table and a background wall with tall rectangular windows.
Women in traditional Lao dress attend the Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Mid-Autumn Festival in St. Paul, 2023. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “Each year, we celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival to preserve our cultural heritage and pass it on to the younger generation, while also fostering unity among diverse communities. This photo was taken at the 2023 celebration at Landmark Center, where members of the Hmong American community joined us in this meaningful cultural event.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
Nine women (visible) in long white dresses with yellow and red sashes carry a yellow and red flag.
Women carry the flag of the South Vietnamese government (1949–1975) during Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration at the Minnesota State Capitol, April 30, 2023. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
A man with a microphone speaks to a crowd in front of a pink and yellow screen, with a second screen and a projected image in front of it.
Vietnamese Community of Minnesota President Tri Tang presents at the Taste of Asia Festival in Blaine, 2024. Tang wrote in 2026: “Following our 2024 Lunar New Year celebration, which welcomed more than 20,000 attendees, our success drew significant attention from other organizations. As a result, Taste of Asia invited us to partner in organizing the Taste of Asia Festival, held on October 18 and 19, 2024, at Northtown Mall.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
Two rows of people of more than fifteen each stand behind the backdrop of the Minnesota Capitol and a blue sky.
Vietnamese Minnesotans gather at the Minnesota State Capitol on April 28, 2025, for Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April event. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “Each April, VCM holds a solemn event to commemorate the Fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War. We gather to honor and remember the fallen, and to express our deepest gratitude to the American soldiers who sacrificed their lives to defend freedom and stand alongside our community.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
Two rows of people, one seated and one standing, are superimposed over a background featuring a staircase and the words "Happy 2026."
The Vietnamese Community of Minnesota team, 2026. VCM President Tri Tang stands in the second row, third from the right. He wrote in 2026: “Our team has been working side by side for over two years, yet somehow we never had a single photo with every member together. Last year, just before Christmas, 2025, I suggested we set a date in Minneapolis to finally gather and take one group picture—a simple moment, but one that would capture our unity, hard work, and shared journey.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
A man wearing Vietnamese traditional dress (áo dài) gestures with his hands and stands beside a woman also wearing áo dài. A screen a the wall of a TV studio are behind them.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota President Tri Tang (left) interviewed on KSTP TV, 2026. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.

Tang wrote in 2026: “KSTP TV interviewed our organization in advance of our fiftieth Lunar New Year Celebration in 2026. This milestone marks not only the beginning of a new year, but also a meaningful opportunity to reflect on the sacrifices of Vietnam War veterans whose service made it possible for many of us to live in freedom today in our new home, the United States.

“As we commemorate fifty years, we are proud to see how our community has grown strong and successful—serving and contributing across many fields including the military, government, business, healthcare, and education. We are deeply grateful to the United States for providing freedom, opportunity, and a place where our community can thrive and build a brighter future for the next generation.

“Standing next to me is Trisha Trinh, Program Manager Assistant for VCM. We are truly encouraged and proud to see the younger generation stepping forward and becoming actively involved in serving our community.”

Two rows and two clumns of people march on the Minnesota state capitol grounds carrying wreaths and flags. The capitol rises in the background against a blue sky.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration, 2018

Marchers carry flags and wreaths with the design of the flag of the South Vietnamese government (1949–1975) during Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration at the Minnesota State Capitol, April 30, 2018. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

Two women in traditional Vietnamese dress (purple and red with flowers) stand in front of an event booth, with a woman and child visible at left.

Women at Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Lunar New Year celebration, 2010

Women at Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Lunar New Year celebration at Kennedy High School in Bloomington, 2010. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

A woman in white traditional Vietnamese dress stands alone on a dance floor as a band performs behind her (right) and an audience looks on (background and foreground).

Miss Vietnamese traditional dress contest, 2010

Greenfield Band performs to accompany a contestant in a Miss Vietnamese traditional dress (áo dài) competition, held at U-Garden Restaurant in St. Paul as part of Vietnamese Community of Minnesota's annual Lunar New Year celebration on January 27, 2010. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

In a black-and-white photograph below black text, six people sit in what appears to be a boat, with water and sky in the background.

Black April commemoration event flier, 2015

Flier advertising Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration and rally at the Minnesota State Capitol, April 30, 2015. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “Each year, VCM organizes at least three major community events: the Lunar New Year celebration (for all ages), the Black April commemoration (for our Vietnam war veterans), and the Mid-Autumn Festival (for children).” Flier created by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
People in traditional Vietnamese dress stand next to a procession of more people led by two leaders holding colorful decorations on poles.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Lunar New Year celebration, 2018

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Lunar New Year at Union Depot in St. Paul, 2018. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “This photo was taken at the 2018 Lunar New Year celebration, highlighting the beauty and traditions of a traditional Vietnamese wedding ceremony. One of our core missions is to preserve and share Vietnamese cultural heritage so that the younger generation can understand and appreciate their roots. Today, many Vietnamese American families in the United States continue to honor and practice these meaningful wedding traditions.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

A row of people in colorful dress stand in front of equally colorful decorations and the words "Happy New Year 2024."

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Lunar New Year celebration, 2024

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota celebrates Lunar New Year, 2024. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “I was honored to be elected president in August 2023. My first major initiative was organizing the Lunar New Year Celebration in January 2024. This photo was taken at the 2024 Lunar New Year event held at Burnsville Center on January 27 and 28, 2024—our first celebration of its kind, drawing more than 20,000 attendees. The event received significant media coverage from FOX 9, WCCO, the Minnesota Star Tribune, and other local news outlets. We were grateful for the recognition and positive feedback from fellow Southeast Asian communities, legislators, and the broader public. It was a proud and historic moment for our community.” Photo courtesy of VCM.
Three women wearing traditional Laotian dress hold up piece signs in front of a table and a background wall with tall rectangular windows.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Mid-Autumn Festival, 2023

Women in traditional Lao dress attend the Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Mid-Autumn Festival in St. Paul, 2023. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “Each year, we celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival to preserve our cultural heritage and pass it on to the younger generation, while also fostering unity among diverse communities. This photo was taken at the 2023 celebration at Landmark Center, where members of the Hmong American community joined us in this meaningful cultural event.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

Nine women (visible) in long white dresses with yellow and red sashes carry a yellow and red flag.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration, 2023

Women carry the flag of the South Vietnamese government (1949–1975) during Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration at the Minnesota State Capitol, April 30, 2023. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

A man with a microphone speaks to a crowd in front of a pink and yellow screen, with a second screen and a projected image in front of it.

Taste of Asia, 2024

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota President Tri Tang presents at the Taste of Asia Festival in Blaine, 2024. Tang wrote in 2026: “Following our 2024 Lunar New Year celebration, which welcomed more than 20,000 attendees, our success drew significant attention from other organizations. As a result, Taste of Asia invited us to partner in organizing the Taste of Asia Festival, held on October 18 and 19, 2024, at Northtown Mall.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

Two rows of people of more than fifteen each stand behind the backdrop of the Minnesota Capitol and a blue sky.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April commemoration event at the Minnesota State Capitol, 2025

Vietnamese Minnesotans gather at the Minnesota State Capitol on April 28, 2025, for Vietnamese Community of Minnesota’s Black April event. VCM President Tri Tang wrote in 2026: “Each April, VCM holds a solemn event to commemorate the Fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War. We gather to honor and remember the fallen, and to express our deepest gratitude to the American soldiers who sacrificed their lives to defend freedom and stand alongside our community.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

Two rows of people, one seated and one standing, are superimposed over a background featuring a staircase and the words "Happy 2026."

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota team, 2026

The Vietnamese Community of Minnesota team, 2026. VCM President Tri Tang stands in the second row, third from the right. He wrote in 2026: “Our team has been working side by side for over two years, yet somehow we never had a single photo with every member together. Last year, just before Christmas, 2025, I suggested we set a date in Minneapolis to finally gather and take one group picture—a simple moment, but one that would capture our unity, hard work, and shared journey.” Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.
© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

A man wearing Vietnamese traditional dress (áo dài) gestures with his hands and stands beside a woman also wearing áo dài. A screen a the wall of a TV studio are behind them.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota President Tri Tang on KSTP TV, 2026

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota President Tri Tang (left) interviewed on KSTP TV, 2026. Photo by VCM; used with VCM’s permission.

Tang wrote in 2026: “KSTP TV interviewed our organization in advance of our fiftieth Lunar New Year Celebration in 2026. This milestone marks not only the beginning of a new year, but also a meaningful opportunity to reflect on the sacrifices of Vietnam War veterans whose service made it possible for many of us to live in freedom today in our new home, the United States.

“As we commemorate fifty years, we are proud to see how our community has grown strong and successful—serving and contributing across many fields including the military, government, business, healthcare, and education. We are deeply grateful to the United States for providing freedom, opportunity, and a place where our community can thrive and build a brighter future for the next generation.

“Standing next to me is Trisha Trinh, Program Manager Assistant for VCM. We are truly encouraged and proud to see the younger generation stepping forward and becoming actively involved in serving our community.”

© Vietnamese Community of Minnesota    

All rights reserved

Turning Point

In January 2004, to better accommodate a growing population, the Vietnamese Community of Minnesota revises its mission to emphasize education, networking, and advocacy. These initiatives seek to preserve and enrich the cultural heritage of the Vietnamese community, to promote intercultural collaboration and understanding among Vietnamese and other communities, and to support the social and economic wellbeing of the Vietnamese community.

Chronology

1975
On April 30, North Vietnamese forces capture Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, and the Vietnam War ends. The US accepts hundreds of thousands of Southeast Asian refugees affected by the war.
1975
The Indochinese Resettlement Office is established in Minnesota in December. Minnesota receives thousands of Vietnam War refugees.
1981
Phạm Văn Vy creates the Vietnamese Community of Minnesota (VCM) and becomes its first president. VCM begins holding annual community events, such as the Tết (Lunar New Year) Festival.
1986
Trần Xuân Thời is elected as the second president of VCM.
1990
Nguyễn Đình Trí is elected as the third president of VCM.
1997
Phạm Văn Yến is elected as the fourth president of VCM.
2000
Oanh Phạm is elected as the fifth president of VCM.
2002
Jasmine Đinh is elected as the sixth president of VCM.
2004
VCM revises its mission to adapt to a growing community.
2006
Kim Châu Ngô is elected as the seventh president of VCM.
2009
Phương Đào is elected as the eighth president of VCM.
2013
A group of Vietnamese teachers create the Vietnamese Language School with the support of VCM.
2014
Hiếu Từ is elected as the ninth president of VCM.
2017
Thomas Cao is elected as the tenth president of VCM.
2023
Tri Tang is elected as the eleventh president of VCM.
2023
In April, VCM forms the VCM Senior Group for meetings among elders.
2025
On the fiftieth anniversary of the Fall of Saigon (April 30), VCM holds a Black April commemoration event at the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul.

Bibliography

CBS News (WCCO). “Vietnamese Community of Minnesota Reflect on 50 Years Since War's End.”
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/video/vietnamese-community-of-minnesota-reflect-on-50-years-since-wars-end

Derosier, Alex. “Families of Cambodians, Lao, Vietnamese Affected by ‘Secret War’ Seek Wider State Recognition.” St. Paul Pioneer Press, March 26, 2025.
https://www.twincities.com/2025/03/26/cambodians-lao-vietnamese-secret-war-state-recognition

Eldred, Sheila Mulrooney, and Ibrahim Hirsi. “Looking Back at Minnesota’s Refugee History.” Mpls.St.Paul magazine, December 19, 2021.
https://mspmag.com/arts-and-culture/looking-back-at-minnesotas-refugee-history

Le, Pauleen. “Vietnamese Community of Minnesota Celebrating Tết Festival in Burnsville.” CBS News (WCCO), January 10, 2025.
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/vietnamese-community-test-festival-burnsville

——— . “Vietnam 50 Years Later: Minnesota Welcomes War Refugees with Open Arms.” CBS News, May 5, 2025.
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/minnesota-vietnam-war-refugee-history

McLister, Frankie. “Minnesota State Capitol Event Commemorates 50 Years Since End of Vietnam War.” CBS News. April 29, 2025.
https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/vietnam-war-50-years-minnesota-state-capitol

Nguyen, Martino, former external liaison director and program director of VCM, founder and program director of the Vietnamese Minnesotan Museum. E-mail message to the author, November 13, 2025.

Tang, Tri, president of VCM. Email message to the author, November 17, 2025.

——— . Email message to the author, February 11, 2026.

Vietnamese Community of Minnesota.
https://vietnam-minnesota.org

Vietnamese Minnesotan Museum.
https://www.vietmnmuseum.com

Vietnamese Population by State 2026. World Population Review.
https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/vietnamese-population-by-state

All Minnesotans: Vietnamese Population. Minnesota Compass.
https://www.mncompass.org/topics/demographics/cultural-communities/vietnamese

Related Resources

Primary

OH 51
Asians in Minnesota Oral History Project: Interview with Vy Pham
Description: Interview conducted on July 7, 1979, with Vy Pham (Phạm Văn Vy), who founded the organization Vietnamese Community of Minnesota in 1981. Vy discusses the long struggle of the Vietnamese for independence; the organization of the labor movement; the differences between the Vietnamese and American labor movements; Vietnamese family life; and his impressions of Minnesota.
https://www.mnhs.org/collection-record?uuid=a3ec5093-c83a-45c9-8282-187c3f498f5e

Secondary

Lee, Erika. The Making of Asian America: A History. Simon & Schuster, 2015.